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Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten

Aesthetica

Interlinear Beta v2 · §§76–100

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§ 76

Neque vanus augur arbitror fore, si praedixerim, quod aliquibus exemplis iam expertus scribo, per eandem se viam non paucis ingeniis, non parvis, erectioribusque animis commendatura bona liberalium studia, ut non puerilia tantum, sed et viris, iisque sapientibus, digna, sicuti sint, videantur, eoque moveant, ut vel ipsi audeant aliquid novi et egregii in aestheticis exercitiis vel saltim de artibus eo ducentibus moderatius, aequius, honorificentius iudicent, de applicationibus earundem, uti iudices, bene satis instructi, magisque competentes. § 70.

Nor do I think I will be an empty prophet if I predict - and I write this already having tested it by some examples - that by the same road good liberal studies will commend themselves to not a few talents, and to no small and more upright spirits, so that they seem not only childish but worthy also of men, and of wise men, as indeed they are; and that they will move them either themselves to dare something new and excellent in aesthetic exercises, or at least to judge more moderately, more fairly, and more honorably about the arts leading there, and about their applications, as judges sufficiently well instructed and more competent, § 70.

§ 77

Iterum moneo.

I warn again.

Ille ego non sum qui aesthetica scientia, quasi numeris omnibus absolutum, mihi vel aliis fingam ingenium generatim venustum, vel omnino speciatim laudabilem oratorem, poetam, musicum e.c. Iam postulavi, ante theoriam eiusmodi, naturam, ingenium, indolem, exercitia, culturam ingenii nunc sine aliqua eruditione vix satis impetrandam, regularum pulcre cogitandi peritiam, quam unice probavi vere praestare, si sit prima saltim et primaria sua ex parte scientia.

I am not the one who, by aesthetic science, would imagine for myself or others a talent generally charming, as if complete in every number, or altogether, in particular, a praiseworthy orator, poet, musician, and so forth. Before theory of this sort I have already required nature, talent, disposition, exercises, cultivation of talent now scarcely obtainable sufficiently without some erudition, and expertise in the rules of thinking beautifully, which I have proved to excel uniquely only if it is science at least in its first and primary part.

Nunc denuo postulo correctiora ac certiora illa exercitia, de quibus § 58. in quibus nulla dies sine linea, sine quibus mortuas ipse speculativasque, quas vocant, regulas, utiles quidem, quibus tamen non utaris, nunquam edico profuturas, eo, quo maxime debent.

Now I again require those more correct and more certain exercises of which § 58 spoke: exercises in which there is no day without a line, without which I never declare that dead and, as they say, merely speculative rules - useful indeed, but rules you do not use - will profit in the way in which they most ought.

Nec ita multa post plura postulabo.

Nor after many things will I require very many more.

Postulabit recte adhuc plura specialem felicis aesthetici characterem informaturus, § 27.

One who would form the special character of the happy aesthetician will rightly require still more, § 27.

§ 78

Ad characterem felicis aesthetici generalem § 27 requiritur IV. impetus aestheticus (pulcra mentis incitatio, inflammatioque, horme, ecstasis, furor, enthousiasmos, πνεῦμα θεοῦ), cuius haec est genesis: Excitatior natura, S. II. iam in ipsis autoschediasmatis, S. III. magis adiuta, doctrinis ingenium acuentibus et magnam animam nutrientibus, S. IIII. pro positu corporis, animaeque statu antecedente, M. §§ 512, 596. faventibus circumstantiis, M. § 323. iam ad ipsum pulcre cogitandi actum facultates suas inferiores, habitus, vires, huc usque mortuas, M. § 220, eo intendit, ut maiores consensu phaenomeno vivant, quam quas multi alii circa idem thema, vel ipse homo, non ita concitus alio tempore, possent exhibere, atque adeo dent effectus his suis viribus vivis aequales, viribus ordinariis maiores, et ad eas se circiter habentes, uti quadratum ad radicem.

For the general character of the happy aesthetician, § 27, there is required IV) aesthetic impulse - a beautiful incitement and inflammation of the mind, horme, ecstasy, frenzy, enthusiasm, spirit of God - whose genesis is this: a more excited nature, Section II, already in the very improvisations, Section III, more aided by doctrines that sharpen talent and nourish a great soul, Section IIII, according to the disposition of the body and the antecedent state of the soul, Metaphysics, §§ 512, 596, with favorable circumstances, Metaphysics, § 323, now directs its lower faculties, habits, and powers, hitherto dead, Metaphysics, § 220, toward the very act of thinking beautifully, so that by greater agreement they live in the phenomenon more than many others could display around the same theme, or than the same person, not so stirred, could display at another time; and thus they give effects equal to these living powers, greater than ordinary powers, and standing to them approximately as the square to the root.

Status animae, cuius genesin descripsi, est ipsa illa horme, cuius antea dixi varias pro graduum diversitate denominationes.

The state of the soul whose genesis I have described is that very horme, for which I earlier gave various names according to differences of degree.

§ 79

In minoribus huius fervoris gradibus, effectus vi mentis ordinaria maior, ut talis, non patet omnibus, si vere tamen adfuerit horme, eveniet tentanti, dum friget,

In the lesser degrees of this fervor, an effect greater than the ordinary force of the mind, as such, is not evident to everyone; yet if horme has truly been present, it will happen to the one attempting it, when he is cold,

Sourced quotation · Horace [13]

Ut sibi quivis Speret idem, sudet multum frustraque laboret Ausus idem.

"A hackneyed subject I would take and treat
So deftly, all should hope to do the feat,
Then, having strained and struggled, should concede
To do the feat were difficult indeed."

Hor. Character eius apud ipsum iustum sui aestimatorem, eo non nunquam corripiendum, erit, 1) si e.g. scripta sua, dum scribit, et immediate post conceptionem ipsi minus placeant, ac post aliquid temporis heterogeneis occupationibus insumti; 2) ipsa maior celeritas, character etiam virium vivarum in physicis.

Horace. Its character, for a just estimator of himself, and one sometimes to be corrected by it, will be: 1) if, for example, his writings please him less while he is writing and immediately after the conception than after some time spent in heterogeneous occupations; 2) the greater speed itself, which is also a character of living forces in physics.

§ 80

Psychologis patet in tali impetu totam quidem animam vires suas intendere, maxime tamen facultates inferiores, ita, ut omnis quasi fundus animae, M. § 511. surgat nonnihil altius, et maius aliquid spiret, pronusque suppeditet, quorum obliti, quae non experti, quae praevidere non posse nobis ipsis, multo magis aliis, videbamur.

To psychologists it is evident that in such an impulse the whole soul indeed directs its powers, yet chiefly the lower faculties, so that the whole, as it were, ground of the soul, Metaphysics, § 511, rises somewhat higher, breathes something greater, and readily supplies things of which we had forgotten, things we had not experienced, things we seemed unable to foresee for ourselves, much less for others.

Hic animae fundus quum a multis adhuc ignoretur, etiam philosophis, effectus eius extraordinarius, quem § 78 descripsimus, diis adscriptus est auctoribus, secundum illud Lucretii:

Since this ground of the soul is still unknown to many, even philosophers, its extraordinary effect, which we described in § 78, has been ascribed to divine authors, according to that saying of Lucretius:

Sourced quotation · Lucretius [14]

Ignorantia caussarum conferre deorum Cogit ad imperium res, et concedere regnum, ut Quorum operum caussas nulla ratione videre Possunt, haec fieri divino numine rentur.

"Through ignorance of the causes to assign
All such things to the empire of the gods,
Acknowledging their power to be supreme.
Yet of these operations by no means
Can they perceive the causes, and so fancy
That they must come to pass by power divine."

§ 81

Lustremus aliquas incitationis eiusmodi opportunitates pro positu corporis aut aucupandas, aut saltim oblatas arripiendas, in quibus aut nunc, aut nunquam.

Let us survey some opportunities of such incitement, either to be sought out according to the disposition of the body, or at least seized when offered, in which it is "now or never."

Eo refero 1) motionem agitationemque corporis, praesertim non nihil melancholici, e.g. per equitationem celeriorem. § 46. Hinc forte pegasus hippocrenen recludens, hinc tot in itineribus carmina scripta.

To this I refer 1) motion and agitation of the body, especially of a somewhat melancholic body, for example by faster riding, § 46. Hence perhaps Pegasus opening Hippocrene; hence so many poems written on journeys.

Sourced quotation · Pliny the Younger [15]

Mirum est, ut animus agitatione motuque corporis excitetur.

"[I]t is surprizing how much the mind is excited, by the Agitation and Motion of the Body."

Plin. L. I. ep. 6.

Pliny, Book I, Epistle 6.

§ 82

2) Occasio impetus ad venuste cogitandum est, status animae, in quo praevisio praesagiumque naturaliter faciliores sunt, M. § 602, ad eleganter cogitanda praesertim necessariae vires, ordinario maxime debiles, § 39. M. § 597, et mens sana in corpore sano, E. § 254, per venustum alterius ingenium ad imitationem inclinatur, §§ 56, 44. Hac ratione excitatus Φοιβόληπτος est.

2) An occasion of impulse for thinking charmingly is a state of soul in which foresight and presentiment are naturally easier, Metaphysics, § 602; in which the powers especially necessary for thinking elegantly, ordinarily very weak, § 39, Metaphysics, § 597, and a sound mind in a sound body, Ethics, § 254, are inclined toward imitation by the charming talent of another, §§ 56, 44. One excited in this way is Φοιβόληπτος.

Ita, circa criticas huius vitae vicissitudines, instante magna mutatione, plurimum habitura momenti;

Thus, around the critical vicissitudes of this life, when a great change is impending and will have very great moment:

Sourced quotation · Virgil [16]

poscere fata Tempus erit. Deus, ecce, deus!

"They had reached the threshold, when the maiden cries: It is time to enquire thy fate: the god, lo! the god!"

§ 80.

§ 80.

§ 83

3) Historiae (Clio), etiam fictae, praesertim heroicae, (Calliope), vel tristioris (Melpomene), vel laetioris eventus (Thalia), musicae, (Terpsichore) saltationes, (Erato) picturae, (Polyhymnia) et quaevis liberalium artium specimina, dum ad aemulandum provocant, ipsa natura extra nos positorum, dum vel amabiliter ludit, vel maioribus mundi e.g. solis, spectaculis in stuporem rapit.

3) Histories (Clio), even fictive ones, especially heroic ones (Calliope), or those of sadder outcome (Melpomene), or happier outcome (Thalia); music; dances (Terpsichore); paintings (Erato, Polyhymnia); and any specimens of the liberal arts, when they provoke emulation; the very nature of things placed outside us, when it either plays charmingly or seizes us into wonder by greater spectacles of the world, for example of the sun (Urania), § 82. One stirred in this way is mousoleptos kai mousopataktos.

(Uranie), § 82. Hac ratione concitatus mousoleptos kai mousopataktos est.

Hence the Muses no less than the Graces are companions and are not well torn apart.

Hinc Musae non minus, ac Gratiae, sociae sunt, neque bene divelluntur. Una florente e.g. circa tempora Alexandri M. Augusti, Ludovici XIIII. floruerunt etiam aliae.

When one flourishes, for example around the times of Alexander the Great, Augustus, and Louis XIV, the others also flourished.

§ 84

4) Otium comparativum, E. § 267. M. § 638. quando mens curis soluta laborum negotiorumque reponit onus et per amoena § 83. ambulacra temere errans, § 81. serena patet in secessu divinis afflatibus, § 80. Hoc forsan est in Helicone pascere, somniare in Parnasso.

4) Comparative leisure, Ethics, § 267, Metaphysics, § 638, when the mind, released from cares, puts aside the burden of labors and affairs, and while wandering at random through pleasant walks, § 83, § 81, lies serenely open in retreat to divine breathings, § 80. This perhaps is to graze on Helicon, to dream on Parnassus.

Sourced quotation · Pliny the Younger [17]

O! dulce otium honestumque, ac paene omni negotio pulcrius! o! mare! o! litus! verum secretumque Mouseion! quam multa invenitis! quam multa dictatis!

"O sweet and honourable Leisure, preferable (I had almost said) to any Business whatsoever! O Sea! O Shore! You true and private Studying-Place! How many things you dictate to me? How many things you occasion me to invent?"

Plin. L. I. ep. 9.

Pliny, Book I, Epistle 9.

§ 85

5) Si pulcre cogitaturo requiritur status, qualem § 39 descripsi, praesertim in sensationibus themati satis heterogeneis constituto, aquae potori, pro positu corporis, § 78, opportunus erit generosioris laticis modicus haustus, quo remittentibus nonnihil sensationibus e.g. molestis clarescere necessariae e.g. hilares imaginationes et praevisiones eo magis possint. M. § 554. Hunc autem satis multis esse fontibus historici naturae narrant.

5) If a state such as I described in § 39 is required for one about to think beautifully, especially when he is set amid sensations rather heterogeneous to the theme, then for a drinker of water, according to the disposition of the body, § 78, a moderate draught of a more generous liquid will be opportune; by it, with sensations, for example troublesome ones, somewhat relaxed, necessary cheerful imaginations and foresights, for example, may be able to become all the clearer, Metaphysics, § 554. Historians of nature report that this power belongs to quite many springs.

Pone talem vim in Aganippe fuisse.

Suppose such a power was in Aganippe.

§ 86

Fontanae eiusmodi praeferent vinum § 85. cum Horatio iudicantes

Those judging with Horace will prefer wine to fountains of this sort, § 85:

Passage with quotations · Horace [18]

Nulla placere diu neque vivere carmina posses Quae scribuntur aquae potoribus. Ille liquor docuit voces inflectere cantu, § 83. Movit et ad certos nescia membra modos, § 81. Bacchus et agricolae magno confecta labore Pectora tristitiae dissoluenda dedit.

"Horace component:
No verse, you know, Maecenas, can live long
Writ by a water-drinker.
Tibullus component:
Song followed soon, a prompting of the god,
And rhythmic dance of lightly leaping feet.
Of Bacchus the o'er-wearied swain receives
Deliverance from all his pains;"

§§ 84, 52.

(§§ 83, 81, 84, 52);

Sourced quotation · Horace [19]

Bacchus et afflictis requiem mortalibus affert, Crura licet dura compede pulsa sonent.

"Bacchus gives comfort when a mortal grieves,
And mirth to men in chains."

§ 85. Tib. Hinc et Bacchus incitationis inflammationisque aestheticae auctor est. § 80. licet illepide fallatur, qui fictam Horatii od. L. II. 19. III. 25. ebrietatem bona ac germana fide, ceu veram, imitaturus, tamdiu libat Apollini ac Musis, Bacchoque litat, donec iam iamque promturus oracula

§ 85, Tibullus. Hence Bacchus too is the author of aesthetic incitement and inflammation, § 80, although he is tastelessly deceived who, intending in good and genuine faith to imitate as true the fictive drunkenness of Horace, Odes II.19 and III.25, pours libations to Apollo and the Muses, and sacrifices to Bacchus, until, just about to utter oracles,

Sourced quotation · Virgil [20]

Sternitur, exanimisque tremens procumbit humi

"The ox rolls over, and quivering and lifeless lies along the ground."

– Virg.

Virgil.

§ 87

7) Nova occasio est castis aestheticis, qui sedentes adversus, identidem, nescio quam, spectant et audiunt dulce ridentem.

7) A new occasion belongs to chaste aestheticians who, sitting opposite, again and again look upon and hear some woman sweetly laughing.

Misere quod omnes eripit sensus ipsis.

Miserably, this steals all their senses from them.

Nam simul quam Lesbiam auspiciunt, nihil est super illis.

For as soon as they catch sight of Lesbia, nothing remains for them:

Sourced quotation · Catullus [21]

Lingua sed torpet, tenuis sub artus Flamma dimanat, sonitu suopte Tintinant aures, gemina teguntur Lumina nocte.

"My tongue is dulled, my limbs adown
Flows subtle flame; with sound its own
Rings either ear, and o'er are strown
Mine eyes with night."

Cat.

Catullus.

Quando autem absentes angiportum perambulant, § 81. clausam ianuam fenestrasque vacuas salutantes, subito se in montes et lucos ex urbe removent, § 84. ibique suum naturae miraculum procul vident dulce ridens, dulce loquens audiunt, fingunt, scribunt, canunt, psallunt, pingunt.

But when, absent, they walk through a narrow street, § 81, greeting a closed door and empty windows, suddenly they remove themselves from the city into mountains and groves, § 84; there from afar they see their miracle of nature sweetly smiling, hear her sweetly speaking, imagine, write, sing, play, and paint.

Silva interpres harum curarum et conscia sidera, § 83. ne sperare quidem ausos esse, quae praevident summa cum voluptate perfrui, § 82. Certe Venus ac Amor horum potius caussa habentur auctores incitationis, de qua loquimur, § 78, quam ob prostibulorum praecones, Quando immunda crepant ignominiosaque, §§ 54, 59.

The forest is interpreter of these cares and the stars their witnesses, § 83. They scarcely dared hope for the things they foresee and enjoy with the highest pleasure, § 82. Certainly Venus and Love are held to be authors of this incitement, of which we speak, § 78, more for these reasons than because of heralds of brothels, "when they creak out foul and shameful things," §§ 54, 59.

§ 88

Veriores forsan, ac dii sunt, § 80, occasiones erunt, 8.) si quem

Truer occasions, perhaps, than gods, § 80, will be 8) if

Sourced quotation · Horace [22]

Decisis humilem pennis, inopemque paterni Et laris et fundi paupertas impulit audax, Ut versus faceret,

Then when Philippi turned me all adrift
A poor plucked fledgeling, for myself to shift,
Bereft of property, impaired in purse,
Sheer penury drove me into scribbling verse:

sicut Horatium, qui de se pergit per iocum narrare, quod bene multi serio verissimum putant:

as it did Horace, who goes on to narrate about himself in jest what many, in seriousness, think most true:

Sourced quotation · Horace [23]

Quod non desit, habentem, Quae poterunt unquam satis expurgare cicutae, Ni melius dormire putem, quam scribere versus?

"But now, when times are altered, having got
Enough, thank heaven, at least to boil my pot,
I were the veriest madman if I chose
To write a poem rather than to doze."

§ 89

9) Indignatio

9) Indignation:

Sourced quotation · Horace [24]

Archilochum proprio rabies armavit iambo.

"Archilochus, inspired by fiery rage,
Called forth Iambics:"

Hor. Horatius eandem occasionem sibi praesagit, Serm. L. II. 1. v. 40–60. Iuvenalis eam statim ab initio spirat:

Horace. Horace foretells the same occasion for himself, Satires II.1, lines 40–60. Juvenal breathes it immediately from the beginning:

Passage with quotations · Juvenal [25]

Semper ego auditor tantum nunquamne reponam Vexatus toties rauci Theseide Codri? e.c. Difficile est satiram non scribere. Nam quis iniquae Tam patiens urbis, tam ferreus, ut teneat se? e.c. Quid referam, quanta siccum iecur ardeat ira? e.c. Haec ego non credam Venusina digna lucerna. Haec ego non agitem? Si natura negat, facit indignatio versum Qualemcunque potest, quales ego.

"Must I always be a hearer only? Shall I never retaliate, though plagued so often with the Theseid of Codrus, hoarse with reciting it?
... it is difficult not to write satire. For who can be so tolerant of this iniquitous city, who so case-hardened, as to contain himself!
Why need I tell with what indignation my parched liver boils ...?
Shall I not deem these themes worthy of the lamp of Venusium? Shall I not lash these?
If nature denies the power, indignation would give birth to verses, such as it could produce, like mine and Cluvienus'."

Sat. I. Ita pergit in reliquis.

Satire I. So he proceeds in the rest.

Ex eodem fonte Demosthenis et Ciceronis Philippicae, huius Verrinae et Catilinariae, Ovidii Ibis, e.c.

From the same source come the Philippics of Demosthenes and Cicero, Cicero's Verrines and Catilinarians, Ovid's Ibis, and so forth.

§ 90

Satis cognata indignationi est 10) irrisio, M. § 684. Horatio tamen magis amica, ac indignatio, minus amara, plusque salis, quam fellis habens.

10) Ridicule is sufficiently akin to indignation, Metaphysics, § 684, yet it is friendlier to Horace than indignation: less bitter, having more salt than gall.

Hinc αὐτοσχεδιάσματα, de quibus § 52, militumque currus triumphales stipantium.

Hence the improvisations of which § 52 spoke, and the soldiers accompanying triumphal chariots.

Hinc vetus

Hence old

Sourced quotation · Horace [26]

Comoedia non sine multa Laude, sed in vitium libertas excidit, et vim Dignam lege regi.

"The elder Comedy had next its turn,
Nor small the glory it contrived to earn:
But freedom passed into unbridled spite,
And law was soon invoked to set things right:"

Hor. Hinc Aristophanes, hinc Lucianus paene omnis, et plura Martialis epigrammata.

Horace. Hence Aristophanes, hence almost all of Lucian, and many epigrams of Martial.

§ 91

11) Omnes animi commotiones, quae tantae non sunt, ut omnem symbolicam paene cognitionem intuitus opprimat, quando de pulcre non cogitandis tantum, sed et efferendis loquimur; 12) omnes fortunae casus tristiores, nisi frangant, laetiores, nisi obtundant et distrahant omnino animum, § 82. Plus tamen elegantiarum sinistris auctorum fatis debemus, quam admodum ridentibus.

11) All commotions of the soul which are not so great that intuition almost overwhelms all symbolic cognition, when we are speaking not only of things to be thought beautifully, but also of things to be brought forth; 12) all the sadder accidents of fortune, unless they break the mind, and happier ones, unless they dull and wholly distract the mind, § 82. Yet we owe more elegances to the adverse fates of authors than to their very smiling ones.

§ 92

13) Agmen claudat in catalogo facile locupletando iuventus, seu potius illa huius vitae periodus, qua nondum akmen suam eo usque transiit anima, ut imaginationes etiam insigniter decreverint.

13) Let youth close the line in a catalogue easily to be enriched, or rather that period of this life in which the soul has not yet passed its own akme so far that even imaginations have notably decreased.

Sicut enim facultates cognoscitivae inferiores primae sunt in eadem phaenomena, ita et eodem, quo creverunt, ordine minuuntur naturaliter.

For just as the lower cognitive faculties are first in relation to the same phenomena, so too, in the same order in which they grew, they are naturally diminished.

Unde duabus iam potiorem pulcre cogitandi materiem suppeditaturis, §§ 30, 31, languescentibus transiisse iudicatur eleganter cogitandi princeps opportunitas.

Hence, when two faculties that are to supply the more important matter for thinking beautifully, §§ 30, 31, are now languishing, the chief opportunity for thinking elegantly is judged to have passed.

Unde Horatius non praecipit solum,

Hence Horace not only instructs,

Sourced quotation · Horace [27]

Solve senescentem mature sanus equum, ne Peccet ad extremum ridendus, et ilia ducat,

"Give rest in time to that old horse, for fear
At last he founder 'mid the general jeer."

sed etiam spectatus satis et donatus iam rude non vult antiquo ludo includi,

but also does not want one sufficiently tested and already given the wooden sword to be enclosed in the old school,

Sourced quotation · Horace [28]

Et versus et caetera ludicra ponens.

"So now I bid my idle songs adieu,"

§ 93

Per se patet 1) his occasionibus non utendum esse contra fortiores vitae beatae leges; 2) occasiones eas esse tantum, non caussas solitarias, quibus circumfluere possit laevum aut tardum ingenium sine effectu, qui quaerebatur, § 78.

It is clear of itself 1) that these occasions are not to be used against the stronger laws of the happy life; 2) that they are only occasions, not solitary causes, by which a left-hand or sluggish talent may be able to be surrounded without the effect that was being sought, § 78.

§ 94

In maiori pulcra meditatione, quum difficilior fit pulcritudo totius ac pulcritudo cuiusvis partis, pulcritudo rerum et ordinis pulcritudine signorum, §§ 18–20, ad priores potissimum informandas utendum est impetu mentis aesthetico, dum fervet opus, et eius occasionibus, §§ 78–92.

In greater beautiful meditation, since the beauty of the whole and the beauty of each part, the beauty of things and of order, becomes more difficult than the beauty of signs, §§ 18–20, the aesthetic impulse of the mind and its occasions, §§ 78–92, must be used especially for forming the former, while the work is hot.

§ 95

Durante enthousiasmo, dum pulcre ponere totum partesque principes intenditur omnis anima, § 78, laudabiliter a minoribus minorum partium elegantiis exasciandis abstrahit ingenium etiam satis felix, M. § 529, ne fiat simile fabro, qui

While enthousiasmos lasts, when the whole soul is directed toward placing beautifully the whole and the principal parts, § 78, even a rather fortunate talent laudably withdraws from planing down the lesser elegances of lesser parts, Metaphysics, § 529, lest it become like the craftsman who

Sourced quotation · Horace [29]

Et ungues Exprimit et molles imitatur aere capillos Infelix operis summa, quia ponere totum Nesciet. Hunc ego me, si quid componere curem, Non magis esse velim, quam pravo vivere naso, Spectandum nigris oculis nigroque capillo.

"Fix on some casual sculptor; he shall know
How to give nails their sharpness, hair its flow;
Yet he shall fail, because he lacks the soul
To comprehend and reproduce the whole.
I'd not be he; the blackest hair and eye
Lose all their beauty with the nose awry."

Hor.

Horace.

§ 96

Quaedam pulcre cogitanda efferenda sunt ita, ut non admittant curas posteriores, et esse debeant velut extemporalia; e.g. colloquia et epistolae vere familiaria.

Certain things to be thought beautifully must be brought forth in such a way that they do not admit later cares, and must be as it were extemporaneous; for example, truly familiar conversations and letters.

In his ubi summa nitet, resque principes vere pulcrae sunt, § 94, quoniam castigationes non habuere locum, hoc iniquior iudex sim, si paucis

In these, where the sum shines and the principal things are truly beautiful, § 94, since corrections have had no place, I would be a judge all the more unfair if I were offended by a few

Sourced quotation · Horace [30]

Offendar maculis, quas aut incuria fudit, Aut humana parum cavit natura.

"But when I meet with beauties thickly sown,
A blot or two I readily condone,
Such as may trickle from a careless pen,
Or pass unwatched: for authors are but men."

§ 95.

§ 95.

§ 97

Quaedam pulcre cogitata non obligamur efferre prius, quam omnes iis, quas potuimus, gratias conciliavimus, curas posteriores admittentia.

Certain beautifully thought things, admitting later cares, we are not obliged to bring forth before we have won for them all the graces that we could.

In his, quoniam omnis partialis pulcritudo, caeteris paribus, auget pulcritudinem totius, M. § 185, characterem felicis aesthetici coronat V) correctionis studium, limae labor et mora, seu habitus protensa attentione in pulcre informatum opus, quantum possis, minores, minutarum etiam eius partium, perfectiones augendi, tollendi imperfectiones, aliquantula phoenomena, citra detrimentum totius, § 27. Pulcra cogitatio omnis erit, ut pictura.

In these, since every partial beauty, other things equal, increases the beauty of the whole, Metaphysics, § 185, V) the study of correction crowns the character of the happy aesthetician: the labor and delay of the file, or a habit, with extended attention upon the beautifully formed work, of increasing as far as you can the lesser perfections, even of its minute parts, and of removing imperfections, small phenomena, without detriment to the whole, § 27. Every beautiful thought will be like a picture.

Passage with quotations · Horace [31]

Haec § 96 amat obscurum, volet haec § 97 sub luce videri, Iudicis argutum quae non formidat acumen, Haec § 96 placuit semel, haec § 97 decies repetita placebit.

"One loves the shade; one would be seen in light,
And boldly challenges the keenest sight:
One pleases straightway; one, when it has passed
Ten times before the mind, will please at last."

Hor.

Horace; see §§ 96–97.

§ 98

Correctio quum facilior sit pulcra totius elaboratione, §§ 94, 97, auctor

Since correction is easier than the beautiful elaboration of the whole, §§ 94, 97, the author, if

Sourced quotation · Horace [32]

Ni turpem putat inscitus metuitque lituram,

But out, alas! she deems it shame to blot.

Hor. aut offenditur limae labore ac mora, M. § 527: ubi iam transiit mentis impetus maior, § 78,

Horace, or is not offended by the labor and delay of the file, Metaphysics, § 527, when the greater impulse of the mind has now passed, § 78,

Sourced quotation · Virgil [33]

Ut primum cessit furor, et rabida ora quierunt,

"So soon as the spasm ceased and the raving lips sank to silence,"

Virg. poterit peragi, iam distinctius praelucente intellectu et ratione, iudicioque intellectuali, § 38, ad aesthetices etiam artificialis regulas singula exigente, S. IV.

Virgil, will be able to carry it through, with intellect and reason now shining more distinctly before him, and with intellectual judgment, § 38, requiring each thing also according to the rules of artificial aesthetics, Section IV.

§ 99

Aesthetica artificialis non solum diriget pulcre cogitatorum, vel turpiuscule, conscientiam, ut ita dicam antecedentem, S. IV, et concomitantem, S. V, sed etiam consequentem, § 98, tunc nondum inutilem, quando adhuc

Artificial aesthetics will direct not only the antecedent consciousness, so to speak, of things beautifully or rather uglily thought, Section IV, and the concomitant consciousness, Section V, but also the consequent consciousness, § 98, then not yet useless, when it will still be permissible,

Sourced quotation · Horace [34]

Membranis intus positis delere licebit, Quod non edideris,

"What's kept at home you cancel by a stroke:
What's sent abroad you never can revoke."

§ 98.

§ 98.

§ 100

Si quis limam, quibus probe potuisset, § 97, tamen adhibere neglexerit, hoc id iniquius ferre solent acutiores, quod vident, qui potuit maius, eum et suffecisse minori, § 98, sed spectatores suos non duxisse tanti, quorum ius aestumant contemptum sui contemtu auctoris rependere, et sic, nugae quae viderentur,

If someone has nevertheless neglected to apply the file where he very well could have, § 97, the more acute are accustomed to bear this all the more unfairly, because they see that one who was capable of the greater was also sufficient for the lesser, § 98, but did not esteem his spectators so highly; they judge that their right, when contempt of themselves has been suffered, repays it with contempt for the author, and thus things that would have seemed trifles

Sourced quotation · Horace [35]

seria ducent In mala derisum semel exceptumque sinistre.

"Such trifles bring to serious grief ere long
A hapless bard, once flattered and led wrong."

Sources and textual notes

[13] Horace, Ars Poetica 240-242. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Baumgarten begins within Horace 240 and stops within 242. Conington restores the omitted opening thought in his first English line; the four selected lines stop before his rendering of tantum series iuncturaque pollet, which Baumgarten does not quote.

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[14] Lucretius, De rerum natura 6.58-61. Lines 6.60-61 repeat 1.153-154 and are omitted as an interpolation in some modern editions. R. C. Trevelyan, Translations from Lucretius (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1920), Project Gutenberg eBook 64024. Source 1

Trevelyan's selected Book VI text translates 6.58-59 but omits 6.60-61. The final three English lines above are his translation of the identical transmitted lines at 1.153-154. Baumgarten spells caussarum and caussas, inserts ut, and prints haec where the comparison text reads ac.

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The translation was published in 1920; Project Gutenberg supplies a United States reuse statement.

[15] Pliny the Younger, Epistles 1.6.2. Mr. Pelham, in Pliny's Epistles in Ten Books, Done into English by Several Hands (London: printed for W. Mears, 1724), Book I, Letter VI. Source 1

The bracketed capital supplies a sentence opening for an excerpt that follows a comma in Pelham's continuous English sentence. The translator's historical spellings and capitalization are preserved.

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The English edition was published in 1724; the electronic text is supplied by the Oxford Text Archive.

[16] Virgil, Aeneid 6.45-46. J. W. Mackail, The Aeneid of Virgil (London: Macmillan, 1885), Book VI, lines 45-46; Project Gutenberg eBook 22456. Source 1

Virgil has direct speech followed by ait; Baumgarten recasts the phrase as Tempus erit. Mackail translates Virgil's source syntax rather than Baumgarten's grammatical adaptation, so the complete English sentence is retained as context.

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[17] Pliny the Younger, Epistles 1.9.6. John Toland (identified in the edition as Mr. Toland), in Pliny's Epistles in Ten Books, Done into English by Several Hands (London: printed for W. Mears, 1724), Book I, Letter IX. Source 1

Baumgarten omits Pliny's first exclamation, spells pulcrius, and transliterates the Greek μουσεῖον as Mouseion. Toland renders it as Studying-Place and reverses the order of Pliny's final invenitis and dictatis clauses in English.

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[18] 1. Horace, Epistles 1.19.2-3. 2. Tibullus, Elegies 1.7.37-40. 1. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. 2. Theodore C. Williams, The Elegies of Tibullus (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1908), Project Gutenberg eBook 9610. Source 1 · Source 2

Only the opening couplet is Horatian. The following quatrain is Tibullus 1.7.37-40 and should be attributed accordingly in the final concordance, either by splitting the entry or by labeling both components. Horace reads nec ... possunt; Baumgarten prints neque ... posses. Conington imports Maecenas from the surrounding passage. Williams explicitly allows himself latitude as a verse translator, and his English is correspondingly freer than the Latin.

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[19] Tibullus, Elegies 1.7.41-42. Theodore C. Williams, The Elegies of Tibullus (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1908), Project Gutenberg eBook 9610. Source 1

The final attribution must be corrected from Horace to Tibullus. Baumgarten's printed page itself follows these lines with Tib. The differences afflictis, affert, and compede are orthographic variants of the comparison text. Williams gives a free verse rendering: his mirth to men in chains compresses the concrete image of shackled legs striking against a hard fetter.

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[20] Virgil, Aeneid 5.481. J. W. Mackail, The Aeneid of Virgil (London: Macmillan, 1885), Book V, line 481; Project Gutenberg eBook 22456. Source 1

Baumgarten stops before Virgil's delayed subject bos. Mackail restores that subject at the beginning of the English sentence.

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[21] Catullus, Carmina 51.9-12. Sir Richard F. Burton, verse translation in The Carmina of Caius Valerius Catullus, with a prose translation by Leonard C. Smithers (London, 1894), Project Gutenberg eBook 20732. Source 1

Baumgarten and the concordance read dimanat; the comparison text and Burton's Latin edition read demanat. Catullus 51 adapts Sappho, but the Latin passage quoted by Baumgarten is Catullus's and Burton's selected English is a translation of that Latin poem.

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The edition was published in 1894; Project Gutenberg supplies a United States reuse statement. Burton died in 1890.

[22] Horace, Epistles 2.2.50-52. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Conington includes Horace 2.2.49 to make the image of the plucked fledgling intelligible. Horace's source is first-person (facerem); Baumgarten converts it to third-person (faceret) while speaking about Horace.

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[23] Horace, Epistles 2.2.52-54. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Baumgarten omits the source's opening sed and spells unquam; the comparison text has umquam. Conington renders the implied madness rather than translating Horace's cicutae (hemlock) literally.

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[24] Horace, Ars Poetica 79. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Conington distributes the single Latin line across the opening portion of an English couplet; the rest of his second line translates Horace 80 and is therefore omitted.

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[25] Juvenal, Satires 1.1-2, 30-31, 45, 51-52, and 79-80. Lewis Evans, The Satires of Juvenal, Persius, Sulpicia, and Lucilius, Literally Translated into English Prose (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1881), Project Gutenberg eBook 50657. Source 1

Baumgarten stitches together six non-contiguous portions of Juvenal's opening satire without marking every omission. The final concordance must retain visible ellipses between these units. Baumgarten has nunquamne, toties, Codri, satiram, and Qualemcunque; the comparison text has numquamne, totiens, Cordi, saturam, and qualemcumque. He also omits the source's final vel Cluvienus; Evans necessarily retains Cluvienus.

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[26] Horace, Ars Poetica 281-283. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Baumgarten begins after Horace's successit vetus his and capitalizes Laude and Dignam. Conington's opening line restores the omitted verb and subject modifier.

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[27] Horace, Epistles 1.1.8-9. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Conington makes the implied audience explicit through the imperative Give rest; the English founder compresses the image of the horse stumbling and drawing its heaving flanks.

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[28] Horace, Epistles 1.1.10. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Baumgarten changes Horace's finite first-person pono to the participle ponens, omits Nunc itaque, and spells caetera; the comparison text has cetera. Conington translates the source line rather than Baumgarten's adapted syntax.

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[29] Horace, Ars Poetica 32-37. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Baumgarten omits Horace's opening location and subject (Aemilium circa ludum faber imus) and begins with the craftsman's details. Conington retains the complete comparison so that its syntax and point remain clear.

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[30] Horace, Ars Poetica 351-353, especially 352-353. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Baumgarten extracts the consequence and omits the concessive opening in Horace 351. Conington's complete four-line sentence restores that opening; its final couplet is the direct counterpart of Baumgarten's excerpt.

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[31] Horace, Ars Poetica 363-365. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Conington's four lines correspond directly to Horace 363-365. Baumgarten capitalizes each extracted sentence opening and spells decies; the comparison text has deciens.

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[32] Horace, Epistles 2.1.167. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Conington's she is Rome, the subject established in the preceding lines. Baumgarten's text has Ni and the adjective inscitus where the comparison text has sed and the adverb inscite. This is too substantial to silently normalize and should be checked against the scan when the edited concordance is prepared.

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[33] Virgil, Aeneid 6.102. J. W. Mackail, The Aeneid of Virgil (London: Macmillan, 1885), Project Gutenberg eBook 22456. Source 1

Mackail begins the following clause (Aeneas the hero begins) in the same sentence; it is omitted here because Baumgarten's quotation ends with quierunt.

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[34] Horace, Ars Poetica 389-390. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Baumgarten quotes only through quod non edideris and omits Horace's concluding nescit vox missa reverti. Conington's couplet retains that conclusion because it completes the contrast and the English syntax.

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[35] Horace, Ars Poetica 451-452. John Conington, The Satires, Epistles, and Art of Poetry of Horace, Project Gutenberg eBook 5419. Source 1

Baumgarten begins inside Horace's sentence and omits its explicit subject, hae nugae. Conington restores that subject as Such trifles.

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