§ 726
Quam primum autem submissum cogitandi genus eo deprimitur, ut vel obliviscatur pulcre cogitaturus suae dignitatis, vel falsam et superstitiosam reverentiam, nescio quibus, nunc rebus, nunc personis exhibens rependove simulans, eadem retrahi se patiatur ab illa copia, dignitate, professione veritatis, ornatu, reprehensione, contentione tandem et impetu animi, quae prae se ferre decenter eleganterque potuisset: tunc idem humile, submissum, molle, effaeminatum, fractum atque abiectum cogitandi genus, uti βάθος, § 217. ita fucus est. § 688, 725.
But as soon as the subdued kind of thinking is depressed so far that one who will think beautifully either forgets his own dignity, or, exhibiting or pretending in return false and superstitious reverence to I know not what things or persons, allows himself to be drawn back by the same from that abundance, dignity, profession of truth, ornament, refutation, contention, and finally impulse of soul which he could fittingly and elegantly have displayed, then this same low, subdued, soft, effeminate, broken, and abject kind of thinking, like βάθος, §217, is false coloring, §§688, 725.
Quam primum autem submissum cogitandi genus eo deprimitur, ut vel obliviscatur pulcre cogitaturus suae dignitatis, vel falsam et superstitiosam reverentiam, nescio quibus, nunc rebus, nunc personis exhibens rependove simulans, eadem retrahi se patiatur ab illa copia, dignitate, professione veritatis, ornatu, reprehensione, contentione tandem et impetu animi, quae prae se ferre decenter eleganterque potuisset: tunc idem humile, submissum, molle, effaeminatum, fractum atque abiectum cogitandi genus, uti βάθος, § 217. ita fucus est. § 688, 725.
But as soon as the subdued kind of thinking is depressed so far that one who will think beautifully either forgets his own dignity, or, exhibiting or pretending in return false and superstitious reverence to I know not what things or persons, allows himself to be drawn back by the same from that abundance, dignity, profession of truth, ornament, refutation, contention, and finally impulse of soul which he could fittingly and elegantly have displayed, then this same low, subdued, soft, effeminate, broken, and abject kind of thinking, like βάθος, §217, is false coloring, §§688, 725.
Quam primum autem submissum cogitandi genus eo deprimitur,
But as soon as the subdued kind of thinking is depressed so
ut vel obliviscatur pulcre cogitaturus suae dignitatis,
far that one who will think beautifully either forgets his own dignity,
vel falsam et superstitiosam reverentiam,
or, exhibiting or pretending in return false and superstitious reverence
nescio quibus, nunc rebus, nunc personis
to I know not what things or persons,
exhibens rependove simulans, eadem retrahi se patiatur ab illa copia,
allows himself to be drawn back
dignitate, professione veritatis,
by the same from that abundance, dignity, profession of truth,
ornatu, reprehensione, contentione tandem et impetu animi,
ornament, refutation, contention, and finally impulse
quae prae se ferre decenter eleganterque potuisset:
of soul which he could fittingly and elegantly have
tunc idem humile, submissum, molle, effaeminatum, fractum
displayed, then this same low, subdued, soft, effeminate, broken,
atque abiectum cogitandi genus, uti βάθος, § 217.
and abject kind of thinking, like βάθος, §217,
ita fucus est. § 688, 725.
is false coloring, §§688, 725.
Quam primum autem submissum cogitandi genus eo deprimitur, ut vel obliviscatur pulcre cogitaturus suae dignitatis, vel falsam et superstitiosam reverentiam, nescio quibus, nunc rebus, nunc personis exhibens rependove simulans, eadem retrahi se patiatur ab illa copia, dignitate, professione veritatis, ornatu, reprehensione, contentione tandem et impetu animi, quae prae se ferre decenter eleganterque potuisset: tunc idem humile, submissum, molle, effaeminatum, fractum atque abiectum cogitandi genus, uti βάθος, § 217. ita fucus est. § 688, 725. / But as soon as the subdued kind of thinking is depressed so far that one who will think beautifully either forgets his own dignity, or, exhibiting or pretending in return false and superstitious reverence to I know not what things or persons, allows himself to be drawn back by the same from that abundance, dignity, profession of truth, ornament, refutation, contention, and finally impulse of soul which he could fittingly and elegantly have displayed, then this same low, subdued, soft, effeminate, broken, and abject kind of thinking, like βάθος, §217, is false coloring, §§688, 725.
§ 727
Hinc Quintilianus, XI. 1. in vitiis numerat
Hence Quintilian, XI.1, counts among faults
submissum cogitandi genus concitatis in caussis,
What use is it if we employ a lofty tone in cases of trivial import, a slight and refined style in cases of great moment, a cheerful tone when our matter calls for sadness, a gentle tone when it demands vehemence, threatening language when supplication, and submissive when energy is required, or fierceness and violence when our theme is one that asks for charm?,
i. e. quas salva decori verioris reverentia tamen omni animi impetu diligentiaeque nervis, omni cum copia, dignitate, ornatu ac ardore agi non oporteat solum, sed etiam necesse sit. Ibidem in aliis huc admodum facientibus exemplum adfert Socratis
that is, in cases which, with reverence for truer decorum preserved, nevertheless ought and must be handled with every impulse of soul, every sinew of diligence, every abundance, dignity, ornament, and ardor. In the same place, among other examples very relevant here, he adduces Socrates,
cuius ad absolutionem profuisset, si conciliasset oratione submissa,
Who is there who does not realise that nothing would have contributed more to secure the acquittal of Socrates than if he had employed the ordinary forensic methods of defence and had conciliated the minds of his judges by adopting a submissive tone and had devoted his attention to refuting the actual charge against him?,
§ 726.
§726;
iudicum animos sibi, qui tamen, quoniam id eum minime decuisset, sic egerit, ut, qui poenam suam honoribus summis esset aestimaturus.
Who is there who does not realise that nothing would have contributed more to secure the acquittal of Socrates than if he had employed the ordinary forensic methods of defence and had conciliated the minds of his judges by adopting a submissive tone and had devoted his attention to refuting the actual charge against him? But such a course would have been unworthy of his character, and, therefore, he pleaded as one who would account the penalty to which he might be sentenced as the highest of honours..
Hic addit:
Here he adds:
Quando ab hominibus sui temporis parum intelligebatur, posterorum se iudiciis reservavit, brevi detrimento iam ultimae senectutis aevum, omnium saeculorum consequutur.
And since he was but ill understood by the men of his own day, he reserved his case for the approval of posterity and at the cost of a few last declining years achieved through all the ages life everlasting..
Hinc Quintilianus, XI. 1. in vitiis numerat
Hence Quintilian, XI.1, counts among faults
submissum cogitandi genus concitatis in caussis,
What use is it if we employ a lofty tone in cases of trivial import, a slight and refined style in cases of great moment, a cheerful tone when our matter calls for sadness, a gentle tone when it demands vehemence, threatening language when supplication, and submissive when energy is required, or fierceness and violence when our theme is one that asks for charm?,
i. e. quas salva decori verioris reverentia tamen omni animi impetu diligentiaeque nervis, omni cum copia, dignitate, ornatu ac ardore agi non oporteat solum, sed etiam necesse sit.
that is, in cases which, with reverence for truer decorum preserved, nevertheless ought and must be handled with every impulse of soul, every sinew of diligence, every abundance, dignity, ornament, and ardor.
Ibidem in aliis huc admodum facientibus exemplum adfert Socratis
In the same place, among other examples very relevant here, he adduces Socrates,
cuius ad absolutionem profuisset, si conciliasset oratione submissa,
Who is there who does not realise that nothing would have contributed more to secure the acquittal of Socrates than if he had employed the ordinary forensic methods of defence and had conciliated the minds of his judges by adopting a submissive tone and had devoted his attention to refuting the actual charge against him?,
§ 726.
§726;
iudicum animos sibi, qui tamen, quoniam id eum minime decuisset, sic egerit, ut, qui poenam suam honoribus summis esset aestimaturus.
Who is there who does not realise that nothing would have contributed more to secure the acquittal of Socrates than if he had employed the ordinary forensic methods of defence and had conciliated the minds of his judges by adopting a submissive tone and had devoted his attention to refuting the actual charge against him? But such a course would have been unworthy of his character, and, therefore, he pleaded as one who would account the penalty to which he might be sentenced as the highest of honours..
Hic addit:
Here he adds:
Quando ab hominibus sui temporis parum intelligebatur, posterorum se iudiciis reservavit, brevi detrimento iam ultimae senectutis aevum, omnium saeculorum consequutur.
And since he was but ill understood by the men of his own day, he reserved his case for the approval of posterity and at the cost of a few last declining years achieved through all the ages life everlasting..
Hinc Quintilianus, XI. 1. in vitiis numerat
Hence Quintilian, XI.1, counts among faults
submissum cogitandi genus concitatis in caussis,
What use is it if we employ a lofty tone in cases of trivial import, a slight and refined style in cases of great moment, a cheerful tone when our matter calls for sadness, a gentle tone when it demands vehemence, threatening language when supplication, and submissive when energy is required, or fierceness and violence when our theme is one that asks for charm?,
i. e. quas salva decori verioris reverentia tamen omni animi
that is, in cases which, with reverence for truer decorum preserved,
impetu diligentiaeque nervis, omni cum copia, dignitate,
nevertheless ought and must be handled with every impulse
ornatu ac ardore agi non oporteat solum, sed etiam necesse sit.
of soul, every sinew of diligence, every abundance, dignity, ornament, and ardor.
Ibidem in aliis huc admodum facientibus exemplum
In the same place, among other examples very relevant here,
adfert Socratis
he adduces Socrates,
cuius ad absolutionem profuisset, si conciliasset oratione submissa,
Who is there who does not realise that nothing would have contributed more to secure the acquittal of Socrates than if he had employed the ordinary forensic methods of defence and had conciliated the minds of his judges by adopting a submissive tone and had devoted his attention to refuting the actual charge against him?,
§ 726.
§726;
iudicum animos sibi, qui tamen, quoniam id eum minime decuisset, sic egerit, ut, qui poenam suam honoribus summis esset aestimaturus.
Who is there who does not realise that nothing would have contributed more to secure the acquittal of Socrates than if he had employed the ordinary forensic methods of defence and had conciliated the minds of his judges by adopting a submissive tone and had devoted his attention to refuting the actual charge against him? But such a course would have been unworthy of his character, and, therefore, he pleaded as one who would account the penalty to which he might be sentenced as the highest of honours..
Hic addit:
Here he adds:
Quando ab hominibus sui temporis parum intelligebatur, posterorum se iudiciis reservavit, brevi detrimento iam ultimae senectutis aevum, omnium saeculorum consequutur.
And since he was but ill understood by the men of his own day, he reserved his case for the approval of posterity and at the cost of a few last declining years achieved through all the ages life everlasting..
Hinc Quintilianus, XI. 1. in vitiis numerat / Hence Quintilian, XI.1, counts among faults
submissum cogitandi genus concitatis in caussis,
What use is it if we employ a lofty tone in cases of trivial import, a slight and refined style in cases of great moment, a cheerful tone when our matter calls for sadness, a gentle tone when it demands vehemence, threatening language when supplication, and submissive when energy is required, or fierceness and violence when our theme is one that asks for charm?,
i. e. quas salva decori verioris reverentia tamen omni animi impetu diligentiaeque nervis, omni cum copia, dignitate, ornatu ac ardore agi non oporteat solum, sed etiam necesse sit. / that is, in cases which, with reverence for truer decorum preserved, nevertheless ought and must be handled with every impulse of soul, every sinew of diligence, every abundance, dignity, ornament, and ardor.
Ibidem in aliis huc admodum facientibus exemplum adfert Socratis / In the same place, among other examples very relevant here, he adduces Socrates,
cuius ad absolutionem profuisset, si conciliasset oratione submissa,
Who is there who does not realise that nothing would have contributed more to secure the acquittal of Socrates than if he had employed the ordinary forensic methods of defence and had conciliated the minds of his judges by adopting a submissive tone and had devoted his attention to refuting the actual charge against him?,
§ 726. / §726;
iudicum animos sibi, qui tamen, quoniam id eum minime decuisset, sic egerit, ut, qui poenam suam honoribus summis esset aestimaturus.
Who is there who does not realise that nothing would have contributed more to secure the acquittal of Socrates than if he had employed the ordinary forensic methods of defence and had conciliated the minds of his judges by adopting a submissive tone and had devoted his attention to refuting the actual charge against him? But such a course would have been unworthy of his character, and, therefore, he pleaded as one who would account the penalty to which he might be sentenced as the highest of honours..
Hic addit: / Here he adds:
Quando ab hominibus sui temporis parum intelligebatur, posterorum se iudiciis reservavit, brevi detrimento iam ultimae senectutis aevum, omnium saeculorum consequutur.
And since he was but ill understood by the men of his own day, he reserved his case for the approval of posterity and at the cost of a few last declining years achieved through all the ages life everlasting..
§ 728
Pergit Quintilianus l. c. Scipionem Africanum commemorare, qui
Quintilian continues in the cited place to mention Scipio Africanus, who
patria cedere, quam cum Tribuno plebis, humillimo homine, de innocentia sua contendere maluit.
unless, indeed, the elder Africanus is to be regarded as having failed to consult his true interests, when he retired into exile sooner than wrangle over his own innocence with a contemptible tribune of the people,.
Tanti putavit heros genus cogitandi male submissum cavere, § 726. Fontes eius, auctore Quintiliano, sunt,
The hero considered it so important to avoid a badly subdued kind of thinking, §726. Its sources, according to Quintilian, are
humiliera illa vitia, submissa adulatio, vilis pudor, in omni negotio neglecta auctoritas, quae fere accidunt his, qui nimium blandi esse volunt.
The following vices are of a meaner type: grovelling flattery, affected buffoonery, immodesty in dealing with things or words which are unseemly or obscene, and disregard of authority on all and every occasion. They are faults which, as a rule, are found in those who are over-anxious either to please or amuse..
Adeo gravis submissi cogitandi generis adversarius, quando fucus est, quaerit tamen:
So grave an opponent of the subdued kind of thinking, when it is false coloring, nevertheless asks:
Quis vero nesciat, quin nonnunquam, summittenda sit et contrahenda oratio, ne iudex eam vel intelligere, vel capere non possit?
Again, who does not know what different styles of eloquence are required when speaking before the grave assembly of the senate and before the fickle populace, since even when we are pleading before single judges the same style will not be suitable for use before one of weighty character and another of a more frivolous disposition, while a learned judge must not be addressed in the same tone that we should employ before a soldier or a rustic, and our style must at times be lowered and simplified, for fear that he may be unable to take it in or to understand it.
§ 725. Idem in Cicerone laudat, qui
§725. The same praises Cicero, who
ne in caussa Cluentii quidem, etsi mater huius palam caput filii petebat, oblitus est reverentiae, quae parentibus debetur,
And yet sometimes it is absolutely necessary, as, for example, in the case of Cluentius Habitus. ... In the case of Sasia she had openly sought to procure the destruction of her son, and consequently vigorous methods were justified against her. But there were two points, the only points which remained to be dealt with, that were handled by Cicero with consummate skill: in the first place, he does not forget the reverence that is due to parents,,
iubetque
and he orders that
ipsa re minore ac minus infesta orationem adhuc leniorem et submissiorem.
It is, however, always possible that a mother may be her son's opponent in a case of less serious import, or at any rate in a way which involves less deadly hostility. Under such circumstances the orator must adopt a gentler and more restrained tone..
Pergit Quintilianus l. c. Scipionem Africanum commemorare, qui
Quintilian continues in the cited place to mention Scipio Africanus, who
patria cedere, quam cum Tribuno plebis, humillimo homine, de innocentia sua contendere maluit.
unless, indeed, the elder Africanus is to be regarded as having failed to consult his true interests, when he retired into exile sooner than wrangle over his own innocence with a contemptible tribune of the people,.
Tanti putavit heros genus cogitandi male submissum cavere, § 726. Fontes eius, auctore Quintiliano, sunt,
The hero considered it so important to avoid a badly subdued kind of thinking, §726. Its sources, according to Quintilian, are
humiliera illa vitia, submissa adulatio, vilis pudor, in omni negotio neglecta auctoritas, quae fere accidunt his, qui nimium blandi esse volunt.
The following vices are of a meaner type: grovelling flattery, affected buffoonery, immodesty in dealing with things or words which are unseemly or obscene, and disregard of authority on all and every occasion. They are faults which, as a rule, are found in those who are over-anxious either to please or amuse..
Adeo gravis submissi cogitandi generis adversarius, quando fucus est, quaerit tamen:
So grave an opponent of the subdued kind of thinking, when it is false coloring, nevertheless asks:
Quis vero nesciat, quin nonnunquam, summittenda sit et contrahenda oratio, ne iudex eam vel intelligere, vel capere non possit?
Again, who does not know what different styles of eloquence are required when speaking before the grave assembly of the senate and before the fickle populace, since even when we are pleading before single judges the same style will not be suitable for use before one of weighty character and another of a more frivolous disposition, while a learned judge must not be addressed in the same tone that we should employ before a soldier or a rustic, and our style must at times be lowered and simplified, for fear that he may be unable to take it in or to understand it.
§ 725. Idem in Cicerone laudat, qui
§725. The same praises Cicero, who
ne in caussa Cluentii quidem, etsi mater huius palam caput filii petebat, oblitus est reverentiae, quae parentibus debetur,
And yet sometimes it is absolutely necessary, as, for example, in the case of Cluentius Habitus. ... In the case of Sasia she had openly sought to procure the destruction of her son, and consequently vigorous methods were justified against her. But there were two points, the only points which remained to be dealt with, that were handled by Cicero with consummate skill: in the first place, he does not forget the reverence that is due to parents,,
iubetque
and he orders that
ipsa re minore ac minus infesta orationem adhuc leniorem et submissiorem.
It is, however, always possible that a mother may be her son's opponent in a case of less serious import, or at any rate in a way which involves less deadly hostility. Under such circumstances the orator must adopt a gentler and more restrained tone..
Pergit Quintilianus l. c.
Quintilian continues in the cited
Scipionem Africanum commemorare, qui
place to mention Scipio Africanus, who
patria cedere, quam cum Tribuno plebis, humillimo homine, de innocentia sua contendere maluit.
unless, indeed, the elder Africanus is to be regarded as having failed to consult his true interests, when he retired into exile sooner than wrangle over his own innocence with a contemptible tribune of the people,.
Tanti putavit heros genus
The hero considered it so important to avoid
cogitandi male submissum cavere, § 726.
a badly subdued kind of thinking, §726.
Fontes eius, auctore Quintiliano, sunt,
Its sources, according to Quintilian, are
humiliera illa vitia, submissa adulatio, vilis pudor, in omni negotio neglecta auctoritas, quae fere accidunt his, qui nimium blandi esse volunt.
The following vices are of a meaner type: grovelling flattery, affected buffoonery, immodesty in dealing with things or words which are unseemly or obscene, and disregard of authority on all and every occasion. They are faults which, as a rule, are found in those who are over-anxious either to please or amuse..
Adeo gravis submissi cogitandi
So grave an opponent of the subdued kind of thinking,
generis adversarius, quando fucus est, quaerit tamen:
when it is false coloring, nevertheless asks:
Quis vero nesciat, quin nonnunquam, summittenda sit et contrahenda oratio, ne iudex eam vel intelligere, vel capere non possit?
Again, who does not know what different styles of eloquence are required when speaking before the grave assembly of the senate and before the fickle populace, since even when we are pleading before single judges the same style will not be suitable for use before one of weighty character and another of a more frivolous disposition, while a learned judge must not be addressed in the same tone that we should employ before a soldier or a rustic, and our style must at times be lowered and simplified, for fear that he may be unable to take it in or to understand it.
§ 725. Idem in Cicerone laudat, qui
§725. The same praises Cicero, who
ne in caussa Cluentii quidem, etsi mater huius palam caput filii petebat, oblitus est reverentiae, quae parentibus debetur,
And yet sometimes it is absolutely necessary, as, for example, in the case of Cluentius Habitus. ... In the case of Sasia she had openly sought to procure the destruction of her son, and consequently vigorous methods were justified against her. But there were two points, the only points which remained to be dealt with, that were handled by Cicero with consummate skill: in the first place, he does not forget the reverence that is due to parents,,
iubetque
and he orders that
ipsa re minore ac minus infesta orationem adhuc leniorem et submissiorem.
It is, however, always possible that a mother may be her son's opponent in a case of less serious import, or at any rate in a way which involves less deadly hostility. Under such circumstances the orator must adopt a gentler and more restrained tone..
Pergit Quintilianus l. c. Scipionem Africanum commemorare, qui / Quintilian continues in the cited place to mention Scipio Africanus, who
patria cedere, quam cum Tribuno plebis, humillimo homine, de innocentia sua contendere maluit.
unless, indeed, the elder Africanus is to be regarded as having failed to consult his true interests, when he retired into exile sooner than wrangle over his own innocence with a contemptible tribune of the people,.
Tanti putavit heros genus cogitandi male submissum cavere, § 726. Fontes eius, auctore Quintiliano, sunt, / The hero considered it so important to avoid a badly subdued kind of thinking, §726. Its sources, according to Quintilian, are
humiliera illa vitia, submissa adulatio, vilis pudor, in omni negotio neglecta auctoritas, quae fere accidunt his, qui nimium blandi esse volunt.
The following vices are of a meaner type: grovelling flattery, affected buffoonery, immodesty in dealing with things or words which are unseemly or obscene, and disregard of authority on all and every occasion. They are faults which, as a rule, are found in those who are over-anxious either to please or amuse..
Adeo gravis submissi cogitandi generis adversarius, quando fucus est, quaerit tamen: / So grave an opponent of the subdued kind of thinking, when it is false coloring, nevertheless asks:
Quis vero nesciat, quin nonnunquam, summittenda sit et contrahenda oratio, ne iudex eam vel intelligere, vel capere non possit?
Again, who does not know what different styles of eloquence are required when speaking before the grave assembly of the senate and before the fickle populace, since even when we are pleading before single judges the same style will not be suitable for use before one of weighty character and another of a more frivolous disposition, while a learned judge must not be addressed in the same tone that we should employ before a soldier or a rustic, and our style must at times be lowered and simplified, for fear that he may be unable to take it in or to understand it.
§ 725. Idem in Cicerone laudat, qui / §725. The same praises Cicero, who
ne in caussa Cluentii quidem, etsi mater huius palam caput filii petebat, oblitus est reverentiae, quae parentibus debetur,
And yet sometimes it is absolutely necessary, as, for example, in the case of Cluentius Habitus. ... In the case of Sasia she had openly sought to procure the destruction of her son, and consequently vigorous methods were justified against her. But there were two points, the only points which remained to be dealt with, that were handled by Cicero with consummate skill: in the first place, he does not forget the reverence that is due to parents,,
iubetque / and he orders that
ipsa re minore ac minus infesta orationem adhuc leniorem et submissiorem.
It is, however, always possible that a mother may be her son's opponent in a case of less serious import, or at any rate in a way which involves less deadly hostility. Under such circumstances the orator must adopt a gentler and more restrained tone..
§ 729
IIII. Et ERECTUM ET AUDAX COGITANDI GENUS animi vim ac impetum intendentis propter dignitatem, quo elate cogitatur et dicitur, licet non semper sublimiter, § 287. In hoc cavendus est fucus arrogantiae, V. Est ludicrum et iocosum, in quo vitetur affectata scurrilitas, praesertim in parum modestis ac pudicis, et generatim,
IV. There is also an ERECT AND BOLD KIND OF THINKING, intensifying the force and impulse of the soul because of dignity, by which one thinks and speaks loftily, although not always sublimely, §287. In this the false coloring of arrogance must be avoided. V. There is the playful and joking kind, in which affected buffoonery must be avoided, especially in things insufficiently modest and chaste, and generally,
ne nimium ridiculus videri velis.
They are faults which, as a rule, are found in those who are over-anxious either to please or amuse..
VI. Est grave, in quo ne qua senilis auctoritas immatura deprehendatur. VII. Est dulce, cuius decoctam aversatur dulcedinem Cicero. Sed satis de his. § 692.
VI. There is the grave kind, in which no immature aged authority should be detected. VII. There is the sweet kind, whose overcooked sweetness Cicero rejects. But enough about these, §692.
IIII. Et ERECTUM ET AUDAX COGITANDI GENUS animi vim ac impetum intendentis propter dignitatem, quo elate cogitatur et dicitur, licet non semper sublimiter, § 287. In hoc cavendus est fucus arrogantiae, V. Est ludicrum et iocosum, in quo vitetur affectata scurrilitas, praesertim in parum modestis ac pudicis, et generatim,
IV. There is also an ERECT AND BOLD KIND OF THINKING, intensifying the force and impulse of the soul because of dignity, by which one thinks and speaks loftily, although not always sublimely, §287. In this the false coloring of arrogance must be avoided. V. There is the playful and joking kind, in which affected buffoonery must be avoided, especially in things insufficiently modest and chaste, and generally,
ne nimium ridiculus videri velis.
They are faults which, as a rule, are found in those who are over-anxious either to please or amuse..
VI. Est grave, in quo ne qua senilis auctoritas immatura deprehendatur.
VI. There is the grave kind, in which no immature aged authority should be detected.
VII. Est dulce, cuius decoctam aversatur dulcedinem Cicero.
VII. There is the sweet kind, whose overcooked sweetness Cicero rejects.
Sed satis de his. § 692.
But enough about these, §692.
IIII. Et ERECTUM ET AUDAX COGITANDI
IV. There is also an ERECT AND BOLD KIND OF THINKING,
GENUS animi vim ac impetum intendentis propter dignitatem,
intensifying the force and impulse of the soul because of dignity,
quo elate cogitatur et dicitur, licet non semper sublimiter, § 287.
by which one thinks and speaks loftily, although not always sublimely, §287.
In hoc cavendus est fucus arrogantiae,
In this the false coloring of arrogance must be avoided.
V. Est ludicrum et iocosum,
V. There is the playful and joking kind,
in quo vitetur affectata scurrilitas, praesertim
in which affected buffoonery must be avoided,
in parum modestis ac pudicis, et generatim,
especially in things insufficiently modest and chaste, and generally,
ne nimium ridiculus videri velis.
They are faults which, as a rule, are found in those who are over-anxious either to please or amuse..
VI. Est grave,
VI. There is the grave kind,
in quo ne qua senilis auctoritas immatura deprehendatur.
in which no immature aged authority should be detected.
VII. Est dulce, cuius decoctam aversatur dulcedinem Cicero.
VII. There is the sweet kind, whose overcooked sweetness Cicero rejects.
Sed satis de his. § 692.
But enough about these, §692.
IIII. Et ERECTUM ET AUDAX COGITANDI GENUS animi vim ac impetum intendentis propter dignitatem, quo elate cogitatur et dicitur, licet non semper sublimiter, § 287. In hoc cavendus est fucus arrogantiae, V. Est ludicrum et iocosum, in quo vitetur affectata scurrilitas, praesertim in parum modestis ac pudicis, et generatim, / IV. There is also an ERECT AND BOLD KIND OF THINKING, intensifying the force and impulse of the soul because of dignity, by which one thinks and speaks loftily, although not always sublimely, §287. In this the false coloring of arrogance must be avoided. V. There is the playful and joking kind, in which affected buffoonery must be avoided, especially in things insufficiently modest and chaste, and generally,
ne nimium ridiculus videri velis.
They are faults which, as a rule, are found in those who are over-anxious either to please or amuse..
VI. Est grave, in quo ne qua senilis auctoritas immatura deprehendatur. / VI. There is the grave kind, in which no immature aged authority should be detected.
VII. Est dulce, cuius decoctam aversatur dulcedinem Cicero. / VII. There is the sweet kind, whose overcooked sweetness Cicero rejects.
Sed satis de his. § 692. / But enough about these, §692.
§ 730
SECTIO XXXXIII
ARGUMENTA ILLUSTRANTIA
Argumenta quorum (vel unica, vel potior, vel nunc maxime consideranda;) vis est, lucem datae perceptioni affundere, sunt DECLARANTIA (explicantia). Dabunt itaque perspicuitatem vel intellectualem, RESOLVENTIA (analytice) quale est
SECTION XXXXIII
ILLUSTRATIVE ARGUMENTS
Arguments whose force, whether sole, more important, or now chiefly to be considered, is to pour light onto a given perception are DECLARATIVE (explanatory). Therefore they will give either intellectual perspicuity, RESOLVING analytically, such as
definitio propriam cuiusvis rei vim declarans,
next, to branch out those general heads, as it were, into members; then to explain the peculiar nature of each by a definition;,
Cic. de Or. I. 190. vel sensitivam, § 614, 618. nunc absolutam certe, § 617, 625, nunc omnino nitorem aliquem exhibent, et a potiori dicuntur ILLUSTRANTIA (pingentia). Cicero, Fam. V. ep. 13.
Cicero, De oratore I.190; or sensory perspicuity, §§614, 618, now certainly absolute, §§617, 625, and now wholly exhibiting some brightness. From the more important part they are called ILLUSTRATIVE (pictorial). Cicero, Fam. V.13, judges that what he wants Lucceius to see clearly must be
saepius dicendum, et non significandum modo, quod fieri potest obscurius, sed etiam declarandum
Therefore, in my opinion, I ought to repeat this often, and not merely hint to you, but openly to declare, that nothing could be more acceptable to me than your letter..
iudicat, quod optat Lucceium clare perspicere.
SECTIO XXXXIII
ARGUMENTA ILLUSTRANTIA
Argumenta quorum (vel unica, vel potior, vel nunc maxime consideranda;) vis est, lucem datae perceptioni affundere, sunt DECLARANTIA (explicantia).
SECTION XXXXIII
ILLUSTRATIVE ARGUMENTS
Arguments whose force, whether sole, more important, or now chiefly to be considered, is to pour light onto a given perception are DECLARATIVE (explanatory).
Dabunt itaque perspicuitatem vel intellectualem, RESOLVENTIA (analytice) quale est
Therefore they will give either intellectual perspicuity, RESOLVING analytically, such as
definitio propriam cuiusvis rei vim declarans,
next, to branch out those general heads, as it were, into members; then to explain the peculiar nature of each by a definition;,
Cic. de Or. I. 190. vel sensitivam, § 614, 618. nunc absolutam certe, § 617, 625, nunc omnino nitorem aliquem exhibent, et a potiori dicuntur ILLUSTRANTIA (pingentia).
Cicero, De oratore I.190; or sensory perspicuity, §§614, 618, now certainly absolute, §§617, 625, and now wholly exhibiting some brightness. From the more important part they are called ILLUSTRATIVE (pictorial). Cicero, Fam.
Cicero, Fam. V. ep. 13.
V.13, judges that what he wants Lucceius to see clearly must be
saepius dicendum, et non significandum modo, quod fieri potest obscurius, sed etiam declarandum
Therefore, in my opinion, I ought to repeat this often, and not merely hint to you, but openly to declare, that nothing could be more acceptable to me than your letter..
iudicat, quod optat Lucceium clare perspicere.
SECTIO XXXXIII ARGUMENTA ILLUSTRANTIA Argumenta quorum
SECTION XXXXIII ILLUSTRATIVE ARGUMENTS Arguments whose force,
(vel unica, vel potior, vel nunc maxime consideranda;)
whether sole, more important, or now chiefly to be considered,
vis est, lucem datae perceptioni affundere,
is to pour light onto a given perception
sunt DECLARANTIA (explicantia).
are DECLARATIVE (explanatory).
Dabunt itaque perspicuitatem vel intellectualem, RESOLVENTIA (analytice) quale est
Therefore they will give either intellectual perspicuity, RESOLVING analytically, such as
definitio propriam cuiusvis rei vim declarans,
next, to branch out those general heads, as it were, into members; then to explain the peculiar nature of each by a definition;,
Cic. de Or. I. 190.
Cicero, De oratore I.190; or sensory
vel sensitivam, § 614, 618. nunc absolutam certe, § 617,
perspicuity, §§614, 618, now certainly absolute, §§617,
625, nunc omnino nitorem aliquem exhibent, et
625, and now wholly exhibiting some brightness.
a potiori dicuntur ILLUSTRANTIA (pingentia).
From the more important part they are called ILLUSTRATIVE (pictorial). Cicero, Fam.
Cicero, Fam. V. ep. 13.
V.13, judges that what he wants Lucceius to see clearly must be
saepius dicendum, et non significandum modo, quod fieri potest obscurius, sed etiam declarandum
Therefore, in my opinion, I ought to repeat this often, and not merely hint to you, but openly to declare, that nothing could be more acceptable to me than your letter..
iudicat, quod optat Lucceium clare perspicere.
SECTIO XXXXIII ARGUMENTA ILLUSTRANTIA Argumenta quorum (vel unica, vel potior, vel nunc maxime consideranda;) vis est, lucem datae perceptioni affundere, sunt DECLARANTIA (explicantia). / SECTION XXXXIII ILLUSTRATIVE ARGUMENTS Arguments whose force, whether sole, more important, or now chiefly to be considered, is to pour light onto a given perception are DECLARATIVE (explanatory).
Dabunt itaque perspicuitatem vel intellectualem, RESOLVENTIA (analytice) quale est / Therefore they will give either intellectual perspicuity, RESOLVING analytically, such as
definitio propriam cuiusvis rei vim declarans,
next, to branch out those general heads, as it were, into members; then to explain the peculiar nature of each by a definition;,
Cic. de Or. I. 190. vel sensitivam, § 614, 618. nunc absolutam certe, § 617, 625, nunc omnino nitorem aliquem exhibent, et a potiori dicuntur ILLUSTRANTIA (pingentia). / Cicero, De oratore I.190; or sensory perspicuity, §§614, 618, now certainly absolute, §§617, 625, and now wholly exhibiting some brightness. From the more important part they are called ILLUSTRATIVE (pictorial). Cicero, Fam.
Cicero, Fam. V. ep. 13. / V.13, judges that what he wants Lucceius to see clearly must be
saepius dicendum, et non significandum modo, quod fieri potest obscurius, sed etiam declarandum
Therefore, in my opinion, I ought to repeat this often, and not merely hint to you, but openly to declare, that nothing could be more acceptable to me than your letter..
iudicat, quod optat Lucceium clare perspicere. /
§ 731
Iustissima vitandi fuci cautio, S. XXXXII. suadebit in argumentis et figuris pingentibus ac illustrantibus § 730; 26, praesertim ea tantum ornamenta sectari, quae praeter illustrationem simul ubertati, dignitati, verisimilitudini, reliquisque cogitandorum gratiis, vel singulis serviant, vel saltim aliquibus, § 142. quae vero tantum pinxerint, praetereaque nihil ad totius pulcritudinem conferre videantur, parca manu adspergere, vel ambitiosa recidere, § 164.
The most just caution for avoiding false coloring, Section XLII, will advise that in pictorial and illustrative arguments and figures, §§730, 26, one especially pursue only those ornaments which, besides illustration, also serve abundance, dignity, verisimilitude, and the remaining graces of things to be thought, either individually or at least some of them, §142. Those which only paint and seem to contribute nothing further to the beauty of the whole should be sprinkled with a sparing hand or cut away as ambitious, §164.
Iustissima vitandi fuci cautio, S. XXXXII. suadebit in argumentis et figuris pingentibus ac illustrantibus § 730; 26, praesertim ea tantum ornamenta sectari, quae praeter illustrationem simul ubertati, dignitati, verisimilitudini, reliquisque cogitandorum gratiis, vel singulis serviant, vel saltim aliquibus, § 142. quae vero tantum pinxerint, praetereaque nihil ad totius pulcritudinem conferre videantur, parca manu adspergere, vel ambitiosa recidere, § 164.
The most just caution for avoiding false coloring, Section XLII, will advise that in pictorial and illustrative arguments and figures, §§730, 26, one especially pursue only those ornaments which, besides illustration, also serve abundance, dignity, verisimilitude, and the remaining graces of things to be thought, either individually or at least some of them, §142. Those which only paint and seem to contribute nothing further to the beauty of the whole should be sprinkled with a sparing hand or cut away as ambitious, §164.
Iustissima vitandi fuci cautio, S. XXXXII.
The most just caution for avoiding false coloring, Section
suadebit in argumentis et figuris pingentibus ac illustrantibus § 730;
XLII, will advise that in pictorial and illustrative arguments and figures, §§730,
26, praesertim ea tantum ornamenta sectari,
26, one especially pursue only those ornaments which,
quae praeter illustrationem simul ubertati, dignitati, verisimilitudini,
besides illustration, also serve abundance, dignity, verisimilitude,
reliquisque cogitandorum
and the remaining graces of things to be thought,
gratiis, vel singulis serviant, vel saltim aliquibus, § 142.
either individually or at least some of them, §142.
quae vero tantum pinxerint,
Those which only paint and seem to contribute
praetereaque nihil ad totius pulcritudinem conferre videantur,
nothing further to the beauty of the whole should be
parca manu adspergere, vel ambitiosa recidere, § 164.
sprinkled with a sparing hand or cut away as ambitious, §164.
Iustissima vitandi fuci cautio, S. XXXXII. suadebit in argumentis et figuris pingentibus ac illustrantibus § 730; 26, praesertim ea tantum ornamenta sectari, quae praeter illustrationem simul ubertati, dignitati, verisimilitudini, reliquisque cogitandorum gratiis, vel singulis serviant, vel saltim aliquibus, § 142. quae vero tantum pinxerint, praetereaque nihil ad totius pulcritudinem conferre videantur, parca manu adspergere, vel ambitiosa recidere, § 164. / The most just caution for avoiding false coloring, Section XLII, will advise that in pictorial and illustrative arguments and figures, §§730, 26, one especially pursue only those ornaments which, besides illustration, also serve abundance, dignity, verisimilitude, and the remaining graces of things to be thought, either individually or at least some of them, §142. Those which only paint and seem to contribute nothing further to the beauty of the whole should be sprinkled with a sparing hand or cut away as ambitious, §164.
§ 732
Perceptiones praegnantes, M. § 517. et complexae, M. § 530. et ipsae, caetera si fuerint paria, magis splendent, quam minus complexae; et totius quam ingrediuntur, meditationis possunt argumenta fieri illustrantia, § 730. Hinc minus praegnantibus, minus complexis pulcre praeferuntur, praesertim quando ipsae adhaerentes perceptiones tamen aliquid simul probant, vel movent, § 731. Hinc magnum epithetorum bene lectorum artificium. Exemplis abundant pulcra omnia. Virgilii sumamus eclogam in primis eius poematibus primam. Ibi non dicit: Amaryllida canta, sed:
Pregnant perceptions, Metaphysics §517, and complex perceptions, Metaphysics §530, themselves, other things being equal, shine more than less complex ones; and they can become illustrative arguments of the whole meditation into which they enter, §730. Hence they are beautifully preferred to less pregnant and less complex perceptions, especially when the adhering perceptions themselves at the same time prove or move something, §731. Hence the great artifice of well-chosen epithets. All beautiful things abound in examples. Let us take Virgil's first eclogue among his earliest poems. There he does not say: sing Amaryllis, but
Formosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas,
"while, Tityrus, you
sit careless in the shade, and, at your call,
“Fair Amaryllis” bid the woods resound.";
non dicit:
he does not say,
Haec urbs multum alias inter caput extulit urbes,
"comparing small with great; but this as far
above all other cities rears her head
as cypress above pliant osier towers."
sed tantum,
but only,
Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.
"as cypress above pliant osier towers."
Non dicit libertatem sibi venisse seni, sed:
He does not say that freedom came to him as an old man, but
Candidior postquam tondenti barba cadebat.
"Freedom, which, though belated, cast at length
her eyes upon the sluggard, when my beard
'gan whiter fall beneath the barber's blade—."
Non scribit: Nunquam illius obliviscemur, sed:
He does not write, "we shall never forget him," but
Ante leves pascentur in aethere cervi,
Et freta destituent nudos in littore pisces;
Ante pererratis amborum finibus exsul
Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tygrim,
Quam nostro illius labatur pectore vultus.
"Sooner shall light stags, therefore, feed in air,
the seas their fish leave naked on the strand,
germans and Parthians shift their natural bounds,
and these the Arar, those the Tigris drink,
than from my heart his face and memory fade."
Tandem non ait: iam vesper adest, sed:
Finally he does not say, "evening is now here," but
Iam summa procul villarum culmina fumant
Maioresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae.
"And, see, the farm-roof chimneys smoke afar,
and from the hills the shadows lengthening fall!"
Perceptiones praegnantes, M. § 517. et complexae, M. § 530. et ipsae, caetera si fuerint paria, magis splendent, quam minus complexae; et totius quam ingrediuntur, meditationis possunt argumenta fieri illustrantia, § 730. Hinc minus praegnantibus, minus complexis pulcre praeferuntur, praesertim quando ipsae adhaerentes perceptiones tamen aliquid simul probant, vel movent, § 731. Hinc magnum epithetorum bene lectorum artificium.
Pregnant perceptions, Metaphysics §517, and complex perceptions, Metaphysics §530, themselves, other things being equal, shine more than less complex ones; and they can become illustrative arguments of the whole meditation into which they enter, §730. Hence they are beautifully preferred to less pregnant and less complex perceptions, especially when the adhering perceptions themselves at the same time prove or move something, §731. Hence the great artifice of well-chosen epithets.
Exemplis abundant pulcra omnia.
All beautiful things abound in examples.
Virgilii sumamus eclogam in primis eius poematibus primam.
Let us take Virgil's first eclogue among his earliest poems.
Ibi non dicit: Amaryllida canta, sed:
There he does not say: sing Amaryllis, but
Formosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas,
"while, Tityrus, you
sit careless in the shade, and, at your call,
“Fair Amaryllis” bid the woods resound.";
non dicit:
he does not say,
Haec urbs multum alias inter caput extulit urbes,
"comparing small with great; but this as far
above all other cities rears her head
as cypress above pliant osier towers."
sed tantum,
but only,
Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.
"as cypress above pliant osier towers."
Non dicit libertatem sibi venisse seni, sed:
He does not say that freedom came to him as an old man, but
Candidior postquam tondenti barba cadebat.
"Freedom, which, though belated, cast at length
her eyes upon the sluggard, when my beard
'gan whiter fall beneath the barber's blade—."
Non scribit: Nunquam illius obliviscemur, sed:
He does not write, "we shall never forget him," but
Ante leves pascentur in aethere cervi,
Et freta destituent nudos in littore pisces;
Ante pererratis amborum finibus exsul
Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tygrim,
Quam nostro illius labatur pectore vultus.
"Sooner shall light stags, therefore, feed in air,
the seas their fish leave naked on the strand,
germans and Parthians shift their natural bounds,
and these the Arar, those the Tigris drink,
than from my heart his face and memory fade."
Tandem non ait: iam vesper adest, sed:
Finally he does not say, "evening is now here," but
Iam summa procul villarum culmina fumant
Maioresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae.
"And, see, the farm-roof chimneys smoke afar,
and from the hills the shadows lengthening fall!"
Perceptiones praegnantes, M. § 517. et complexae, M.
Pregnant perceptions, Metaphysics §517, and complex perceptions, Metaphysics
§ 530. et ipsae, caetera si fuerint paria, magis splendent, quam minus complexae;
§530, themselves, other things being equal, shine more than less complex
et totius quam ingrediuntur,
ones; and they can become illustrative arguments of the whole
meditationis possunt argumenta fieri illustrantia, § 730.
meditation into which they enter, §730.
Hinc minus praegnantibus,
Hence they are beautifully preferred to less pregnant
minus complexis pulcre praeferuntur, praesertim quando ipsae adhaerentes
and less complex perceptions, especially when the adhering
perceptiones tamen aliquid simul probant, vel movent, § 731.
perceptions themselves at the same time prove or move something, §731.
Hinc magnum epithetorum bene lectorum artificium.
Hence the great artifice of well-chosen epithets.
Exemplis abundant pulcra omnia.
All beautiful things abound in examples.
Virgilii sumamus eclogam in primis eius poematibus primam.
Let us take Virgil's first eclogue among his earliest poems.
Ibi non dicit: Amaryllida canta, sed:
There he does not say: sing Amaryllis, but
Formosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas,
"while, Tityrus, you
sit careless in the shade, and, at your call,
“Fair Amaryllis” bid the woods resound.";
non dicit:
he does not say,
Haec urbs multum alias inter caput extulit urbes,
"comparing small with great; but this as far
above all other cities rears her head
as cypress above pliant osier towers."
sed tantum,
but only,
Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.
"as cypress above pliant osier towers."
Non dicit libertatem sibi venisse seni,
He does not say that freedom came to him as an
sed:
old man, but
Candidior postquam tondenti barba cadebat.
"Freedom, which, though belated, cast at length
her eyes upon the sluggard, when my beard
'gan whiter fall beneath the barber's blade—."
Non scribit: Nunquam illius obliviscemur, sed:
He does not write, "we shall never forget him," but
Ante leves pascentur in aethere cervi,
Et freta destituent nudos in littore pisces;
Ante pererratis amborum finibus exsul
Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tygrim,
Quam nostro illius labatur pectore vultus.
"Sooner shall light stags, therefore, feed in air,
the seas their fish leave naked on the strand,
germans and Parthians shift their natural bounds,
and these the Arar, those the Tigris drink,
than from my heart his face and memory fade."
Tandem non ait: iam vesper adest, sed:
Finally he does not say, "evening is now here," but
Iam summa procul villarum culmina fumant
Maioresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae.
"And, see, the farm-roof chimneys smoke afar,
and from the hills the shadows lengthening fall!"
Perceptiones praegnantes, M. § 517. et complexae, M. § 530. et ipsae, caetera si fuerint paria, magis splendent, quam minus complexae; et totius quam ingrediuntur, meditationis possunt argumenta fieri illustrantia, § 730. Hinc minus praegnantibus, minus complexis pulcre praeferuntur, praesertim quando ipsae adhaerentes perceptiones tamen aliquid simul probant, vel movent, § 731. Hinc magnum epithetorum bene lectorum artificium. / Pregnant perceptions, Metaphysics §517, and complex perceptions, Metaphysics §530, themselves, other things being equal, shine more than less complex ones; and they can become illustrative arguments of the whole meditation into which they enter, §730. Hence they are beautifully preferred to less pregnant and less complex perceptions, especially when the adhering perceptions themselves at the same time prove or move something, §731. Hence the great artifice of well-chosen epithets.
Exemplis abundant pulcra omnia. / All beautiful things abound in examples.
Virgilii sumamus eclogam in primis eius poematibus primam. / Let us take Virgil's first eclogue among his earliest poems.
Ibi non dicit: Amaryllida canta, sed: / There he does not say: sing Amaryllis, but
Formosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas,
"while, Tityrus, you
sit careless in the shade, and, at your call,
“Fair Amaryllis” bid the woods resound.";
non dicit: / he does not say,
Haec urbs multum alias inter caput extulit urbes,
"comparing small with great; but this as far
above all other cities rears her head
as cypress above pliant osier towers."
sed tantum, / but only,
Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.
"as cypress above pliant osier towers."
Non dicit libertatem sibi venisse seni, sed: / He does not say that freedom came to him as an old man, but
Candidior postquam tondenti barba cadebat.
"Freedom, which, though belated, cast at length
her eyes upon the sluggard, when my beard
'gan whiter fall beneath the barber's blade—."
Non scribit: Nunquam illius obliviscemur, sed: / He does not write, "we shall never forget him," but
Ante leves pascentur in aethere cervi,
Et freta destituent nudos in littore pisces;
Ante pererratis amborum finibus exsul
Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tygrim,
Quam nostro illius labatur pectore vultus.
"Sooner shall light stags, therefore, feed in air,
the seas their fish leave naked on the strand,
germans and Parthians shift their natural bounds,
and these the Arar, those the Tigris drink,
than from my heart his face and memory fade."
Tandem non ait: iam vesper adest, sed: / Finally he does not say, "evening is now here," but
Iam summa procul villarum culmina fumant
Maioresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae.
"And, see, the farm-roof chimneys smoke afar,
and from the hills the shadows lengthening fall!"
§ 733
Quoniam HYPOTYPOSIS, vivida alicuius descriptio, non illustrat solum, § 618, sed etiam probat, § 550, 551. inter meliora pingentium argumenta merito refertur, § 731. DIATYPOSIS est hypotyposis ardentior. Hinc diatyposis est in argumentis illustrantium optimis, § 731, cuius species est CHARACTERISMUS, diatyposis moratior. § 226. Exempla dabit Lucianus, et Theophrastus, et huius imitator in Gallis princeps.
Since HYPOTYPOSIS, a vivid description of something, not only illustrates, §618, but also proves, §§550–551, it is deservedly counted among the better pictorial arguments, §731. DIATYPOSIS is a more ardent hypotyposis. Hence diatyposis is among the best illustrative arguments, §731, whose species is CHARACTERISMUS, a more moral diatyposis, §226. Lucian and Theophrastus, and the chief imitator of the latter among the French, will give examples.
Quoniam HYPOTYPOSIS, vivida alicuius descriptio, non illustrat solum, § 618, sed etiam probat, § 550, 551. inter meliora pingentium argumenta merito refertur, § 731. DIATYPOSIS est hypotyposis ardentior.
Since HYPOTYPOSIS, a vivid description of something, not only illustrates, §618, but also proves, §§550–551, it is deservedly counted among the better pictorial arguments, §731. DIATYPOSIS is a more ardent hypotyposis.
Hinc diatyposis est in argumentis illustrantium optimis, § 731, cuius species est CHARACTERISMUS, diatyposis moratior. § 226. Exempla dabit Lucianus, et Theophrastus, et huius imitator in Gallis princeps.
Hence diatyposis is among the best illustrative arguments, §731, whose species is CHARACTERISMUS, a more moral diatyposis, §226. Lucian and Theophrastus, and the chief imitator of the latter among the French, will give examples.
Quoniam HYPOTYPOSIS, vivida alicuius descriptio,
Since HYPOTYPOSIS, a vivid description of something,
non illustrat solum, § 618, sed etiam probat, § 550, 551.
not only illustrates, §618, but also proves, §§550–551, it is
inter meliora pingentium argumenta merito refertur, § 731.
deservedly counted among the better pictorial arguments, §731.
DIATYPOSIS est hypotyposis ardentior.
DIATYPOSIS is a more ardent hypotyposis.
Hinc diatyposis est in argumentis illustrantium optimis, § 731,
Hence diatyposis is among the best illustrative arguments, §731,
cuius species est CHARACTERISMUS, diatyposis moratior.
whose species is CHARACTERISMUS, a more moral diatyposis,
§ 226. Exempla dabit Lucianus, et Theophrastus,
§226. Lucian and Theophrastus,
et huius imitator in
and the chief imitator of the latter among the French,
Gallis princeps.
will give examples.
Quoniam HYPOTYPOSIS, vivida alicuius descriptio, non illustrat solum, § 618, sed etiam probat, § 550, 551. inter meliora pingentium argumenta merito refertur, § 731. DIATYPOSIS est hypotyposis ardentior. / Since HYPOTYPOSIS, a vivid description of something, not only illustrates, §618, but also proves, §§550–551, it is deservedly counted among the better pictorial arguments, §731. DIATYPOSIS is a more ardent hypotyposis.
Hinc diatyposis est in argumentis illustrantium optimis, § 731, cuius species est CHARACTERISMUS, diatyposis moratior. § 226. Exempla dabit Lucianus, et Theophrastus, et huius imitator in Gallis princeps. / Hence diatyposis is among the best illustrative arguments, §731, whose species is CHARACTERISMUS, a more moral diatyposis, §226. Lucian and Theophrastus, and the chief imitator of the latter among the French, will give examples.
§ 734
Una perceptionum connexarum et coniunctarum, s. sociarum alteram potest declarare, imo etiam illustrare, § 730, si simul cum hac attendatur vivide, M. § 516, i. e. comparetur. M. § 626. Hinc substitutio illius pro hac pulcre cogitanda, vel coniunctio illius cum hac, non sine vividitate, dabit ARGUMENTUM illustrans A COMPARATIS; quod aliqui dicunt A MEDITATIONE, § 730, nos dicamus figuram, § 26, COMPARATIONEM et collationem LATIUS, quae complectitur assimilationem, sed in multa etiam alia argumentorum genera diffunditur, quam quae petantur a simili. e. g.
One of connected and conjoined perceptions, or associated perceptions, can declare another, indeed also illustrate it, §730, if it is vividly attended together with this one, that is, compared, Metaphysics §§516, 626. Hence the substitution of that perception for this one to be beautifully thought, or its conjunction with this one, not without vividness, will give an illustrative ARGUMENT FROM COMPARABLES, which some call FROM MEDITATION, §730. Let us call it, as a figure, §26, COMPARISON and collation BROADLY SPEAKING. This includes assimilation, but also spreads into many other kinds of arguments than those drawn from likeness. For example,
Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
"Can gods such anger feel?"
Aen. I. 15.
et Carthaginis statim sequens illustratio 1) ab aetate 2) ab incolis 3) a situ 4) a divitiis 5) a studiis belli 6) a favore Iunonis, v. 16–22. Hinc odium in Aeneam, comparatis caussis aliis, v. 23–36. Tandem meditationis epiphonema:
and the immediately following illustration of Carthage 1) from age, 2) from inhabitants, 3) from position, 4) from wealth, 5) from studies of war, 6) from Juno's favor, Aeneid I.15–22. Hence hatred against Aeneas, with other causes compared, vv.23–36. Finally the epiphonema of the meditation:
Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem.
"O labor vast, to found the Roman line!"
Una perceptionum connexarum et coniunctarum, s. sociarum alteram potest declarare, imo etiam illustrare, § 730, si simul cum hac attendatur vivide, M. § 516, i. e. comparetur. M. § 626. Hinc substitutio illius pro hac pulcre cogitanda, vel coniunctio illius cum hac, non sine vividitate, dabit ARGUMENTUM illustrans A COMPARATIS; quod aliqui dicunt A MEDITATIONE, § 730, nos dicamus figuram, § 26, COMPARATIONEM et collationem LATIUS, quae complectitur assimilationem, sed in multa etiam alia argumentorum genera diffunditur, quam quae petantur a simili. e. g.
One of connected and conjoined perceptions, or associated perceptions, can declare another, indeed also illustrate it, §730, if it is vividly attended together with this one, that is, compared, Metaphysics §§516, 626. Hence the substitution of that perception for this one to be beautifully thought, or its conjunction with this one, not without vividness, will give an illustrative ARGUMENT FROM COMPARABLES, which some call FROM MEDITATION, §730. Let us call it, as a figure, §26, COMPARISON and collation BROADLY SPEAKING. This includes assimilation, but also spreads into many other kinds of arguments than those drawn from likeness. For example,
Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
"Can gods such anger feel?"
Aen. I. 15.
et Carthaginis statim sequens illustratio 1) ab aetate 2) ab incolis 3) a situ 4) a divitiis 5) a studiis belli 6) a favore Iunonis, v. 16–22. Hinc odium in Aeneam, comparatis caussis aliis, v. 23–36. Tandem meditationis epiphonema:
and the immediately following illustration of Carthage 1) from age, 2) from inhabitants, 3) from position, 4) from wealth, 5) from studies of war, 6) from Juno's favor, Aeneid I.15–22. Hence hatred against Aeneas, with other causes compared, vv.23–36. Finally the epiphonema of the meditation:
Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem.
"O labor vast, to found the Roman line!"
Una perceptionum connexarum et coniunctarum, s.
One of connected and conjoined perceptions, or
sociarum alteram potest declarare, imo etiam illustrare,
associated perceptions, can declare another, indeed also illustrate it,
§ 730, si simul cum hac attendatur vivide, M.
§730, if it is vividly attended together with this one, that is,
§ 516, i. e. comparetur. M. § 626.
compared, Metaphysics §§516, 626.
Hinc substitutio illius pro hac
Hence the substitution of that perception for this one
pulcre cogitanda, vel coniunctio illius cum hac,
to be beautifully thought, or its conjunction with this
non sine vividitate, dabit ARGUMENTUM illustrans A COMPARATIS;
one, not without vividness, will give an illustrative ARGUMENT FROM COMPARABLES,
quod aliqui dicunt A MEDITATIONE, § 730,
which some call FROM MEDITATION, §730.
nos dicamus figuram, § 26,
Let us call it, as a figure, §26,
COMPARATIONEM et collationem LATIUS, quae complectitur assimilationem,
COMPARISON and collation BROADLY SPEAKING. This includes assimilation,
sed in multa etiam alia argumentorum genera diffunditur,
but also spreads into many other kinds of arguments
quam quae petantur a simili. e. g.
than those drawn from likeness. For example,
Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
"Can gods such anger feel?"
Aen. I. 15. et Carthaginis statim sequens illustratio
and the immediately following illustration of
1) ab aetate 2) ab incolis 3) a situ
Carthage 1) from age, 2) from inhabitants, 3) from position,
4) a divitiis 5) a studiis belli
4) from wealth, 5) from studies of war,
6) a favore Iunonis, v. 16–22.
6) from Juno's favor, Aeneid I.15–22.
Hinc odium in Aeneam, comparatis caussis aliis, v.
Hence hatred against Aeneas, with other causes compared,
23–36. Tandem meditationis epiphonema:
vv.23–36. Finally the epiphonema of the meditation:
Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem.
"O labor vast, to found the Roman line!"
Una perceptionum connexarum et coniunctarum, s. sociarum alteram potest declarare, imo etiam illustrare, § 730, si simul cum hac attendatur vivide, M. § 516, i. e. comparetur. M. § 626. Hinc substitutio illius pro hac pulcre cogitanda, vel coniunctio illius cum hac, non sine vividitate, dabit ARGUMENTUM illustrans A COMPARATIS; quod aliqui dicunt A MEDITATIONE, § 730, nos dicamus figuram, § 26, COMPARATIONEM et collationem LATIUS, quae complectitur assimilationem, sed in multa etiam alia argumentorum genera diffunditur, quam quae petantur a simili. e. g. / One of connected and conjoined perceptions, or associated perceptions, can declare another, indeed also illustrate it, §730, if it is vividly attended together with this one, that is, compared, Metaphysics §§516, 626. Hence the substitution of that perception for this one to be beautifully thought, or its conjunction with this one, not without vividness, will give an illustrative ARGUMENT FROM COMPARABLES, which some call FROM MEDITATION, §730. Let us call it, as a figure, §26, COMPARISON and collation BROADLY SPEAKING. This includes assimilation, but also spreads into many other kinds of arguments than those drawn from likeness. For example,
Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
"Can gods such anger feel?"
Aen. I. 15. et Carthaginis statim sequens illustratio 1) ab aetate 2) ab incolis 3) a situ 4) a divitiis 5) a studiis belli 6) a favore Iunonis, v. 16–22. Hinc odium in Aeneam, comparatis caussis aliis, v. 23–36. Tandem meditationis epiphonema: / and the immediately following illustration of Carthage 1) from age, 2) from inhabitants, 3) from position, 4) from wealth, 5) from studies of war, 6) from Juno's favor, Aeneid I.15–22. Hence hatred against Aeneas, with other causes compared, vv.23–36. Finally the epiphonema of the meditation:
Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem.
"O labor vast, to found the Roman line!"
§ 735
Sicut in argumentis augentibus augmentum, § 330, in probantibus aetiologiam, § 545. figuram vidimus ita principem, ut reliquas ad augendum probandumve pertinentes sinu suo comprehendere videantur singulas: ita comparationem latius dictam in figuris illustrantibus generalem habeamus et principem, § 734, sine qua ne hypotyposis quidem esse potest, § 733. et ad quam, velut fontem, reliquae tandem altius consideratae concurrunt. Nam quoniam ex uno simili, aequali, congruente, generatim, notabilius eodem, cognosci, hinc et vividius cognosci, illustrarique potest, § 730. alterum simile, aequale, congruens, et notabilius idem: M. § 70, 572. comparatio latius dicta sub se comprehendet argumentum illustrans 1) a simili, aequali, congruente, notabilius eodem, quod figura dicitur a potiori ASSIMILATIO, § 734. si similia, aequalia, congruentia, notabilius eadem coniungantur. Potest et earundem unum cogitando substitui pro altero.
Just as in augmenting arguments we saw augmentation, §330, and in proving arguments aetiology, §545, as principal figures that seem to include within themselves the individual figures belonging to augmenting and proving, so let us take comparison broadly so called as the general and principal figure among illustrative figures, §734. Without it not even hypotyposis can exist, §733, and to it, as to a source, the others finally run back when considered more deeply. For since, from one thing similar, equal, congruent, or generally more notably the same, another similar, equal, congruent, and more notably the same can be known, and hence more vividly known and illustrated, §730; Metaphysics §§70, 572, comparison broadly so called will contain under itself the illustrative argument 1) from the similar, equal, congruent, or more notably the same. This figure is called chiefly ASSIMILATION, §734, if similar, equal, congruent, or more notably same things are joined. One of them can also be substituted in thought for the other.
Sicut in argumentis augentibus augmentum, § 330, in probantibus aetiologiam, § 545. figuram vidimus ita principem, ut reliquas ad augendum probandumve pertinentes sinu suo comprehendere videantur singulas: ita comparationem latius dictam in figuris illustrantibus generalem habeamus et principem, § 734, sine qua ne hypotyposis quidem esse potest, § 733. et ad quam, velut fontem, reliquae tandem altius consideratae concurrunt.
Just as in augmenting arguments we saw augmentation, §330, and in proving arguments aetiology, §545, as principal figures that seem to include within themselves the individual figures belonging to augmenting and proving, so let us take comparison broadly so called as the general and principal figure among illustrative figures, §734. Without it not even hypotyposis can exist, §733, and to it, as to a source, the others finally run back when considered more deeply.
Nam quoniam ex uno simili, aequali, congruente, generatim, notabilius eodem, cognosci, hinc et vividius cognosci, illustrarique potest, § 730. alterum simile, aequale, congruens, et notabilius idem: M. § 70, 572. comparatio latius dicta sub se comprehendet argumentum illustrans 1) a simili, aequali, congruente, notabilius eodem, quod figura dicitur a potiori ASSIMILATIO, § 734. si similia, aequalia, congruentia, notabilius eadem coniungantur.
For since, from one thing similar, equal, congruent, or generally more notably the same, another similar, equal, congruent, and more notably the same can be known, and hence more vividly known and illustrated, §730; Metaphysics §§70, 572, comparison broadly so called will contain under itself the illustrative argument 1) from the similar, equal, congruent, or more notably the same. This figure is called chiefly ASSIMILATION, §734, if similar, equal, congruent, or more notably same things are joined.
Potest et earundem unum cogitando substitui pro altero.
One of them can also be substituted in thought for the other.
Sicut in argumentis augentibus augmentum, § 330,
Just as in augmenting arguments we saw augmentation, §330,
in probantibus aetiologiam, § 545.
and in proving arguments aetiology, §545,
figuram vidimus ita principem, ut reliquas ad
as principal figures that seem to include
augendum probandumve pertinentes sinu suo comprehendere videantur singulas:
within themselves the individual figures belonging to augmenting and proving, so
ita comparationem latius dictam in figuris illustrantibus
let us take comparison broadly so called as the
generalem habeamus et principem, § 734,
general and principal figure among illustrative figures, §734.
sine qua ne hypotyposis quidem esse potest, § 733.
Without it not even hypotyposis can exist, §733,
et ad quam, velut fontem,
and to it, as to a source, the others
reliquae tandem altius consideratae concurrunt.
finally run back when considered more deeply.
Nam quoniam ex uno simili, aequali, congruente,
For since, from one thing similar, equal, congruent,
generatim, notabilius eodem, cognosci, hinc
or generally more notably the same, another similar, equal,
et vividius cognosci, illustrarique potest, § 730.
congruent, and more notably the same can be
alterum simile, aequale, congruens, et notabilius idem:
known, and hence more vividly known and illustrated, §730;
M. § 70, 572. comparatio latius dicta sub
Metaphysics §§70, 572, comparison broadly so called will contain
se comprehendet argumentum illustrans 1) a simili,
under itself the illustrative argument 1) from the similar,
aequali, congruente, notabilius eodem, quod
equal, congruent, or more notably the same.
figura dicitur a potiori ASSIMILATIO, § 734.
This figure is called chiefly ASSIMILATION, §734,
si similia, aequalia, congruentia, notabilius eadem coniungantur.
if similar, equal, congruent, or more notably same things are joined.
Potest et earundem unum cogitando substitui
One of them can also be substituted
pro altero.
in thought for the other.
Sicut in argumentis augentibus augmentum, § 330, in probantibus aetiologiam, § 545. figuram vidimus ita principem, ut reliquas ad augendum probandumve pertinentes sinu suo comprehendere videantur singulas: ita comparationem latius dictam in figuris illustrantibus generalem habeamus et principem, § 734, sine qua ne hypotyposis quidem esse potest, § 733. et ad quam, velut fontem, reliquae tandem altius consideratae concurrunt. / Just as in augmenting arguments we saw augmentation, §330, and in proving arguments aetiology, §545, as principal figures that seem to include within themselves the individual figures belonging to augmenting and proving, so let us take comparison broadly so called as the general and principal figure among illustrative figures, §734. Without it not even hypotyposis can exist, §733, and to it, as to a source, the others finally run back when considered more deeply.
Nam quoniam ex uno simili, aequali, congruente, generatim, notabilius eodem, cognosci, hinc et vividius cognosci, illustrarique potest, § 730. alterum simile, aequale, congruens, et notabilius idem: M. § 70, 572. comparatio latius dicta sub se comprehendet argumentum illustrans 1) a simili, aequali, congruente, notabilius eodem, quod figura dicitur a potiori ASSIMILATIO, § 734. si similia, aequalia, congruentia, notabilius eadem coniungantur. / For since, from one thing similar, equal, congruent, or generally more notably the same, another similar, equal, congruent, and more notably the same can be known, and hence more vividly known and illustrated, §730; Metaphysics §§70, 572, comparison broadly so called will contain under itself the illustrative argument 1) from the similar, equal, congruent, or more notably the same. This figure is called chiefly ASSIMILATION, §734, if similar, equal, congruent, or more notably same things are joined.
Potest et earundem unum cogitando substitui pro altero. / One of them can also be substituted in thought for the other.
§ 736
Assimilatio quo similiora, quo minus inaequalia, quo magis congruentia, et proportionata, secundum analogi rationis trutinam, inter se comparabit, hoc erit illa pulcrior, § 735. Praedicata assimilatis l. comparatis communia TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS dicuntur. In diiudicando tertio comparationis quantitatis etiam est quaedam dimensio, § 314, 315. Argumentum illustrans a simili non potest a sanae mentis homine ideo proferri, ut unum in comparatis habeatur pro totaliter eodem cum altero, M. § 269. hinc inter haec detecta quadam differentia perperam omne simile claudicare dicitur. Si in cogitatione A velis illustrare C, hinc assumas B simile ipsi A, in quo idem C belle possis et nitide contemplari, A SUBIECTUM ASSIMILATIONIS per B, TERMINUM ASSIMILATIONIS; simile non claudicans, illustratur, qua tertium comparationis C, etiamsi B possit habere D praedicatum quoddam, quod non est in A. Si vero C illud ipsum tertium comparationis constitutum, cuius gratia omnis peragitur assimilatio, longe se tamen aliter habeat, vel qualitate, vel quantitate, vel utraque, secundum ipsam analogi rationis trutinam, in B, quam in A, tunc laborare pulcritudinem assimilationis non negaverim, § 315.
The more similar, less unequal, more congruent and proportionate, according to the scale of the analogue of reason, the things compared by assimilation are, the more beautiful the assimilation will be, §735. Predicates common to the assimilated or compared things are called the THIRD OF COMPARISON. In judging this third of comparison there is also a certain measure of quantity, §§314–315. An illustrative argument from the similar cannot be put forward by a sane person so that one of the compared things is taken as totally the same as the other, Metaphysics §269. Hence, when some difference is discovered between them, it is wrongly said that every likeness limps. If, in thought A, you wish to illustrate C, and therefore assume B, similar to A, in which you can beautifully and brightly contemplate the same C, A is the SUBJECT OF ASSIMILATION through B, the TERM OF ASSIMILATION. The likeness does not limp, insofar as it is illustrated according to the third of comparison C, even if B may have some predicate D that is not in A. But if that very C, established as the third of comparison for whose sake the whole assimilation is carried out, nevertheless behaves very differently in B than in A, in quality, quantity, or both, according to the very scale of the analogue of reason, then I will not deny that the beauty of the assimilation suffers, §315.
Assimilatio quo similiora, quo minus inaequalia, quo magis congruentia, et proportionata, secundum analogi rationis trutinam, inter se comparabit, hoc erit illa pulcrior, § 735. Praedicata assimilatis l. comparatis communia TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS dicuntur.
The more similar, less unequal, more congruent and proportionate, according to the scale of the analogue of reason, the things compared by assimilation are, the more beautiful the assimilation will be, §735. Predicates common to the assimilated or compared things are called the THIRD OF COMPARISON.
In diiudicando tertio comparationis quantitatis etiam est quaedam dimensio, § 314, 315. Argumentum illustrans a simili non potest a sanae mentis homine ideo proferri, ut unum in comparatis habeatur pro totaliter eodem cum altero, M. § 269. hinc inter haec detecta quadam differentia perperam omne simile claudicare dicitur.
In judging this third of comparison there is also a certain measure of quantity, §§314–315. An illustrative argument from the similar cannot be put forward by a sane person so that one of the compared things is taken as totally the same as the other, Metaphysics §269. Hence, when some difference is discovered between them, it is wrongly said that every likeness limps.
Si in cogitatione A velis illustrare C, hinc assumas B simile ipsi A, in quo idem C belle possis et nitide contemplari, A SUBIECTUM ASSIMILATIONIS per B, TERMINUM ASSIMILATIONIS; simile non claudicans, illustratur, qua tertium comparationis C, etiamsi B possit habere D praedicatum quoddam, quod non est in A. Si vero C illud ipsum tertium comparationis constitutum, cuius gratia omnis peragitur assimilatio, longe se tamen aliter habeat, vel qualitate, vel quantitate, vel utraque, secundum ipsam analogi rationis trutinam, in B, quam in A, tunc laborare pulcritudinem assimilationis non negaverim, § 315.
If, in thought A, you wish to illustrate C, and therefore assume B, similar to A, in which you can beautifully and brightly contemplate the same C, A is the SUBJECT OF ASSIMILATION through B, the TERM OF ASSIMILATION. The likeness does not limp, insofar as it is illustrated according to the third of comparison C, even if B may have some predicate D that is not in A. But if that very C, established as the third of comparison for whose sake the whole assimilation is carried out, nevertheless behaves very differently in B than in A, in quality, quantity, or both, according to the very scale of the analogue of reason, then I will not deny that the beauty of the assimilation suffers, §315.
Assimilatio quo similiora, quo minus inaequalia, quo magis congruentia,
The more similar, less unequal, more congruent
et proportionata, secundum analogi rationis
and proportionate, according to the scale of the analogue of reason,
trutinam, inter se comparabit,
the things compared by assimilation are,
hoc erit illa pulcrior, § 735.
the more beautiful the assimilation will be, §735.
Praedicata assimilatis l.
Predicates common to the assimilated or
comparatis communia TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS dicuntur.
compared things are called the THIRD OF COMPARISON.
In diiudicando tertio comparationis quantitatis etiam est quaedam dimensio,
In judging this third of comparison there is also a certain measure
§ 314, 315. Argumentum illustrans a simili
of quantity, §§314–315. An illustrative argument from the similar
non potest a sanae mentis homine ideo proferri,
cannot be put forward by a sane person so
ut unum in comparatis habeatur
that one of the compared things is taken as
pro totaliter eodem cum altero, M. § 269.
totally the same as the other, Metaphysics §269.
hinc inter haec detecta quadam differentia
Hence, when some difference is discovered between them,
perperam omne simile claudicare dicitur.
it is wrongly said that every likeness limps.
Si in cogitatione A velis illustrare C,
If, in thought A, you wish to illustrate C,
hinc assumas B simile ipsi A,
and therefore assume B, similar to A,
in quo idem C belle possis et nitide contemplari,
in which you can beautifully and brightly contemplate
A SUBIECTUM ASSIMILATIONIS per B,
the same C, A is the SUBJECT OF ASSIMILATION through B,
TERMINUM ASSIMILATIONIS; simile non
the TERM OF ASSIMILATION. The likeness does not limp,
claudicans, illustratur, qua tertium comparationis C,
insofar as it is illustrated according to the third of comparison C,
etiamsi B possit habere D praedicatum quoddam,
even if B may have some predicate D that
quod non est in A. Si vero C
is not in A. But if that very C,
illud ipsum tertium comparationis constitutum,
established as the third of comparison for
cuius gratia omnis peragitur assimilatio, longe se
whose sake the whole assimilation is carried out,
tamen aliter habeat,
nevertheless behaves very differently in B than in A,
vel qualitate, vel quantitate, vel utraque,
in quality, quantity, or both,
secundum ipsam analogi rationis
according to the very scale of the analogue of reason,
trutinam, in B, quam in A,
then I will not deny that
tunc laborare pulcritudinem assimilationis non negaverim, § 315.
the beauty of the assimilation suffers, §315.
Assimilatio quo similiora, quo minus inaequalia, quo magis congruentia, et proportionata, secundum analogi rationis trutinam, inter se comparabit, hoc erit illa pulcrior, § 735. Praedicata assimilatis l. comparatis communia TERTIUM COMPARATIONIS dicuntur. / The more similar, less unequal, more congruent and proportionate, according to the scale of the analogue of reason, the things compared by assimilation are, the more beautiful the assimilation will be, §735. Predicates common to the assimilated or compared things are called the THIRD OF COMPARISON.
In diiudicando tertio comparationis quantitatis etiam est quaedam dimensio, § 314, 315. Argumentum illustrans a simili non potest a sanae mentis homine ideo proferri, ut unum in comparatis habeatur pro totaliter eodem cum altero, M. § 269. hinc inter haec detecta quadam differentia perperam omne simile claudicare dicitur. / In judging this third of comparison there is also a certain measure of quantity, §§314–315. An illustrative argument from the similar cannot be put forward by a sane person so that one of the compared things is taken as totally the same as the other, Metaphysics §269. Hence, when some difference is discovered between them, it is wrongly said that every likeness limps.
Si in cogitatione A velis illustrare C, hinc assumas B simile ipsi A, in quo idem C belle possis et nitide contemplari, A SUBIECTUM ASSIMILATIONIS per B, TERMINUM ASSIMILATIONIS; simile non claudicans, illustratur, qua tertium comparationis C, etiamsi B possit habere D praedicatum quoddam, quod non est in A. Si vero C illud ipsum tertium comparationis constitutum, cuius gratia omnis peragitur assimilatio, longe se tamen aliter habeat, vel qualitate, vel quantitate, vel utraque, secundum ipsam analogi rationis trutinam, in B, quam in A, tunc laborare pulcritudinem assimilationis non negaverim, § 315. / If, in thought A, you wish to illustrate C, and therefore assume B, similar to A, in which you can beautifully and brightly contemplate the same C, A is the SUBJECT OF ASSIMILATION through B, the TERM OF ASSIMILATION. The likeness does not limp, insofar as it is illustrated according to the third of comparison C, even if B may have some predicate D that is not in A. But if that very C, established as the third of comparison for whose sake the whole assimilation is carried out, nevertheless behaves very differently in B than in A, in quality, quantity, or both, according to the very scale of the analogue of reason, then I will not deny that the beauty of the assimilation suffers, §315.
§ 737
Assimilatorum in tertiis comparationis detecta quantitatis differentia saltim excusationi locum dabit, § 736; qualis est:
A discovered difference of quantity in the thirds of comparison of assimilated things will at least leave room for excuse, §736, such as
Si magna licet componere parvis,
"Not otherwise, to measure small with great,"
et Ovidii Trist. I. 5. pietatem uxoris suae comparantis cum pietate Liviae matronali:
and Ovid's phrase in Tristia I.5, comparing his wife's devotion with Livia's matronal devotion:
Grandia si parvis assimilare licet.
"if ’tis lawful to liken great things to small."
Assimilationis exemplum dabit Ciceronis Hortensius:
Cicero's Hortensius will give an example of assimilation:
Ut ii, qui combibi purpuram volunt, sufficiunt prius lanam medicamentis quibusdam: sic litteris talibusque doctrinis ante excoli animus et ad sapientiam concipiendam imbui et praeparari debet.
As those who want wool to drink in purple first prepare it with certain medicines, so the mind ought first to be cultivated by such letters and doctrines and imbued and prepared for conceiving wisdom.
Idem pro Roscio:
Likewise, Pro Roscio:
Ut ignis, inquit, in aquam coniectus continuo restinguitur et refrigeratur: sic recens falsum crimen, in purissimam et castissimam vitam collatum, statim concidit et exstinguitur.
Does not, as fire dropped upon water is immediately extinguished and cooled, so, does not, I say, a false accusation, when brought in contact with a most pure and holy life, instantly fall and become extinguished?.
Item:
Again:
Ut non frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possit; sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur.
As you cannot find every sort of crop, nor every tree, in every field, so every sort of crime is not engendered in every sort of life..
Assimilatorum in tertiis comparationis detecta quantitatis differentia saltim excusationi locum dabit, § 736; qualis est:
A discovered difference of quantity in the thirds of comparison of assimilated things will at least leave room for excuse, §736, such as
Si magna licet componere parvis,
"Not otherwise, to measure small with great,"
et Ovidii Trist. I. 5. pietatem uxoris suae comparantis cum pietate Liviae matronali:
and Ovid's phrase in Tristia I.5, comparing his wife's devotion with Livia's matronal devotion:
Grandia si parvis assimilare licet.
"if ’tis lawful to liken great things to small."
Assimilationis exemplum dabit Ciceronis Hortensius:
Cicero's Hortensius will give an example of assimilation:
Ut ii, qui combibi purpuram volunt, sufficiunt prius lanam medicamentis quibusdam: sic litteris talibusque doctrinis ante excoli animus et ad sapientiam concipiendam imbui et praeparari debet.
As those who want wool to drink in purple first prepare it with certain medicines, so the mind ought first to be cultivated by such letters and doctrines and imbued and prepared for conceiving wisdom.
Idem pro Roscio:
Likewise, Pro Roscio:
Ut ignis, inquit, in aquam coniectus continuo restinguitur et refrigeratur: sic recens falsum crimen, in purissimam et castissimam vitam collatum, statim concidit et exstinguitur.
Does not, as fire dropped upon water is immediately extinguished and cooled, so, does not, I say, a false accusation, when brought in contact with a most pure and holy life, instantly fall and become extinguished?.
Item:
Again:
Ut non frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possit; sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur.
As you cannot find every sort of crop, nor every tree, in every field, so every sort of crime is not engendered in every sort of life..
Assimilatorum in tertiis
A discovered difference of quantity in the thirds of
comparationis detecta quantitatis differentia saltim excusationi locum dabit, § 736;
comparison of assimilated things will at least leave room for excuse, §736,
qualis est:
such as
Si magna licet componere parvis,
"Not otherwise, to measure small with great,"
et Ovidii Trist. I. 5.
and Ovid's phrase in Tristia I.5,
pietatem uxoris suae comparantis cum pietate Liviae matronali:
comparing his wife's devotion with Livia's matronal devotion:
Grandia si parvis assimilare licet.
"if ’tis lawful to liken great things to small."
Assimilationis exemplum dabit Ciceronis Hortensius:
Cicero's Hortensius will give an example of assimilation:
Ut ii, qui combibi purpuram volunt, sufficiunt prius lanam medicamentis quibusdam: sic litteris talibusque doctrinis ante excoli animus et ad sapientiam concipiendam imbui et praeparari debet.
As those who want wool to drink in purple first prepare it with certain medicines, so the mind ought first to be cultivated by such letters and doctrines and imbued and prepared for conceiving wisdom.
Idem pro Roscio:
Likewise, Pro Roscio:
Ut ignis, inquit, in aquam coniectus continuo restinguitur et refrigeratur: sic recens falsum crimen, in purissimam et castissimam vitam collatum, statim concidit et exstinguitur.
Does not, as fire dropped upon water is immediately extinguished and cooled, so, does not, I say, a false accusation, when brought in contact with a most pure and holy life, instantly fall and become extinguished?.
Item:
Again:
Ut non frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possit; sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur.
As you cannot find every sort of crop, nor every tree, in every field, so every sort of crime is not engendered in every sort of life..
Assimilatorum in tertiis comparationis detecta quantitatis differentia saltim excusationi locum dabit, § 736; qualis est: / A discovered difference of quantity in the thirds of comparison of assimilated things will at least leave room for excuse, §736, such as
Si magna licet componere parvis,
"Not otherwise, to measure small with great,"
et Ovidii Trist. I. 5. pietatem uxoris suae comparantis cum pietate Liviae matronali: / and Ovid's phrase in Tristia I.5, comparing his wife's devotion with Livia's matronal devotion:
Grandia si parvis assimilare licet.
"if ’tis lawful to liken great things to small."
Assimilationis exemplum dabit Ciceronis Hortensius: / Cicero's Hortensius will give an example of assimilation:
Ut ii, qui combibi purpuram volunt, sufficiunt prius lanam medicamentis quibusdam: sic litteris talibusque doctrinis ante excoli animus et ad sapientiam concipiendam imbui et praeparari debet.
As those who want wool to drink in purple first prepare it with certain medicines, so the mind ought first to be cultivated by such letters and doctrines and imbued and prepared for conceiving wisdom.
Idem pro Roscio: / Likewise, Pro Roscio:
Ut ignis, inquit, in aquam coniectus continuo restinguitur et refrigeratur: sic recens falsum crimen, in purissimam et castissimam vitam collatum, statim concidit et exstinguitur.
Does not, as fire dropped upon water is immediately extinguished and cooled, so, does not, I say, a false accusation, when brought in contact with a most pure and holy life, instantly fall and become extinguished?.
Item: / Again:
Ut non frugem, neque arborem in omni agro reperire possit; sic non omne facinus in omni vita nascitur.
As you cannot find every sort of crop, nor every tree, in every field, so every sort of crime is not engendered in every sort of life..
§ 738
Regulam, quae iubet argumentis tantum illustrantibus praeferre simul aliam utilitatem exhibentia, § 731. sic illustrat assimilando Quintilianus VIII. 3:
Quintilian VIII.3 illustrates by assimilation the rule that merely illustrative arguments should be subordinated to those that also exhibit another use, §731:
An ego fundum cultiorem putem, in quo mihi quis ostenderit lilia et violas et amoenos fontes scaturientes, quam ubi plena messis aut graves fructu vites erunt? Sterilem platanum, et tonsas myrtos, quam maritatam vitem, et uberes oleas, praeoptaverim? Habeant illa divites, licet, quid essent, si aliud nihil haberent? — Et ego in ordinem et certa intervalla meas arbores redigam. Quid enim, quaeso, illo quincunce speciosius? quid, in quamcumque partem spectaveris, rectius? Sed protinus in id quoque prodest, ut terrae succum aequaliter trahant. Oleae cacumina in altum exsurgentia ferro coercebo, in orbem se formosius fundet, et protinus fructum ramis pluribus feret. Decentior equus, cui adstricta ilia, si idem velocior. Pulcer adspectu si athleta est, cuius lacertos exercitatio expressit, idem est certamini paratior. Nunquam vera species ab utilitate dividitur.
Shall I regard a farm as a model of good cultivation because its owner shows me lilies and violets and anemones and fountains of living water in place of rich crops and vines bowed beneath their clusters? Shall I prefer the barren plane and myrtles trimly clipped, to the fruitful olive and the elm that weds the vine? No, let such luxuries delight the rich: but where would their wealth be if they had nought save these? Again, is beauty an object of no consideration in the planting of fruit trees? Certainly not! For my trees must be planted in due order and at fixed intervals. What fairer sight is there than rows of trees planted in échelon which present straight lines to the eye from whatever angle they be viewed? But it has an additional advantage, since this form of plantation enables every tree to derive an equal share of moisture from the soil. When the tops of my olive trees rise too high, I lop them away, with the result that their growth expands laterally in a manner that is at once more pleasing to the eye and enables them to bear more fruit owing to the increase in the number of branches. A horse whose flanks are compact is not only better to look upon, but swifter in speed. The athlete whose muscles have been formed by exercise is a joy to the eye, but he is also better fitted for the contests in which he must engage. In fact true beauty and usefulness always go hand in hand..
Regulam, quae iubet argumentis tantum illustrantibus praeferre simul aliam utilitatem exhibentia, § 731. sic illustrat assimilando Quintilianus VIII. 3:
Quintilian VIII.3 illustrates by assimilation the rule that merely illustrative arguments should be subordinated to those that also exhibit another use, §731:
An ego fundum cultiorem putem, in quo mihi quis ostenderit lilia et violas et amoenos fontes scaturientes, quam ubi plena messis aut graves fructu vites erunt? Sterilem platanum, et tonsas myrtos, quam maritatam vitem, et uberes oleas, praeoptaverim? Habeant illa divites, licet, quid essent, si aliud nihil haberent? — Et ego in ordinem et certa intervalla meas arbores redigam. Quid enim, quaeso, illo quincunce speciosius? quid, in quamcumque partem spectaveris, rectius? Sed protinus in id quoque prodest, ut terrae succum aequaliter trahant. Oleae cacumina in altum exsurgentia ferro coercebo, in orbem se formosius fundet, et protinus fructum ramis pluribus feret. Decentior equus, cui adstricta ilia, si idem velocior. Pulcer adspectu si athleta est, cuius lacertos exercitatio expressit, idem est certamini paratior. Nunquam vera species ab utilitate dividitur.
Shall I regard a farm as a model of good cultivation because its owner shows me lilies and violets and anemones and fountains of living water in place of rich crops and vines bowed beneath their clusters? Shall I prefer the barren plane and myrtles trimly clipped, to the fruitful olive and the elm that weds the vine? No, let such luxuries delight the rich: but where would their wealth be if they had nought save these? Again, is beauty an object of no consideration in the planting of fruit trees? Certainly not! For my trees must be planted in due order and at fixed intervals. What fairer sight is there than rows of trees planted in échelon which present straight lines to the eye from whatever angle they be viewed? But it has an additional advantage, since this form of plantation enables every tree to derive an equal share of moisture from the soil. When the tops of my olive trees rise too high, I lop them away, with the result that their growth expands laterally in a manner that is at once more pleasing to the eye and enables them to bear more fruit owing to the increase in the number of branches. A horse whose flanks are compact is not only better to look upon, but swifter in speed. The athlete whose muscles have been formed by exercise is a joy to the eye, but he is also better fitted for the contests in which he must engage. In fact true beauty and usefulness always go hand in hand..
Regulam, quae iubet argumentis tantum
Quintilian VIII.3 illustrates by assimilation the rule that merely
illustrantibus praeferre simul aliam utilitatem exhibentia, § 731.
illustrative arguments should be subordinated to those
sic illustrat assimilando Quintilianus VIII. 3:
that also exhibit another use, §731:
An ego fundum cultiorem putem, in quo mihi quis ostenderit lilia et violas et amoenos fontes scaturientes, quam ubi plena messis aut graves fructu vites erunt? Sterilem platanum, et tonsas myrtos, quam maritatam vitem, et uberes oleas, praeoptaverim? Habeant illa divites, licet, quid essent, si aliud nihil haberent? — Et ego in ordinem et certa intervalla meas arbores redigam. Quid enim, quaeso, illo quincunce speciosius? quid, in quamcumque partem spectaveris, rectius? Sed protinus in id quoque prodest, ut terrae succum aequaliter trahant. Oleae cacumina in altum exsurgentia ferro coercebo, in orbem se formosius fundet, et protinus fructum ramis pluribus feret. Decentior equus, cui adstricta ilia, si idem velocior. Pulcer adspectu si athleta est, cuius lacertos exercitatio expressit, idem est certamini paratior. Nunquam vera species ab utilitate dividitur.
Shall I regard a farm as a model of good cultivation because its owner shows me lilies and violets and anemones and fountains of living water in place of rich crops and vines bowed beneath their clusters? Shall I prefer the barren plane and myrtles trimly clipped, to the fruitful olive and the elm that weds the vine? No, let such luxuries delight the rich: but where would their wealth be if they had nought save these? Again, is beauty an object of no consideration in the planting of fruit trees? Certainly not! For my trees must be planted in due order and at fixed intervals. What fairer sight is there than rows of trees planted in échelon which present straight lines to the eye from whatever angle they be viewed? But it has an additional advantage, since this form of plantation enables every tree to derive an equal share of moisture from the soil. When the tops of my olive trees rise too high, I lop them away, with the result that their growth expands laterally in a manner that is at once more pleasing to the eye and enables them to bear more fruit owing to the increase in the number of branches. A horse whose flanks are compact is not only better to look upon, but swifter in speed. The athlete whose muscles have been formed by exercise is a joy to the eye, but he is also better fitted for the contests in which he must engage. In fact true beauty and usefulness always go hand in hand..
Regulam, quae iubet argumentis tantum illustrantibus praeferre simul aliam utilitatem exhibentia, § 731. sic illustrat assimilando Quintilianus VIII. 3: / Quintilian VIII.3 illustrates by assimilation the rule that merely illustrative arguments should be subordinated to those that also exhibit another use, §731:
An ego fundum cultiorem putem, in quo mihi quis ostenderit lilia et violas et amoenos fontes scaturientes, quam ubi plena messis aut graves fructu vites erunt? Sterilem platanum, et tonsas myrtos, quam maritatam vitem, et uberes oleas, praeoptaverim? Habeant illa divites, licet, quid essent, si aliud nihil haberent? — Et ego in ordinem et certa intervalla meas arbores redigam. Quid enim, quaeso, illo quincunce speciosius? quid, in quamcumque partem spectaveris, rectius? Sed protinus in id quoque prodest, ut terrae succum aequaliter trahant. Oleae cacumina in altum exsurgentia ferro coercebo, in orbem se formosius fundet, et protinus fructum ramis pluribus feret. Decentior equus, cui adstricta ilia, si idem velocior. Pulcer adspectu si athleta est, cuius lacertos exercitatio expressit, idem est certamini paratior. Nunquam vera species ab utilitate dividitur.
Shall I regard a farm as a model of good cultivation because its owner shows me lilies and violets and anemones and fountains of living water in place of rich crops and vines bowed beneath their clusters? Shall I prefer the barren plane and myrtles trimly clipped, to the fruitful olive and the elm that weds the vine? No, let such luxuries delight the rich: but where would their wealth be if they had nought save these? Again, is beauty an object of no consideration in the planting of fruit trees? Certainly not! For my trees must be planted in due order and at fixed intervals. What fairer sight is there than rows of trees planted in échelon which present straight lines to the eye from whatever angle they be viewed? But it has an additional advantage, since this form of plantation enables every tree to derive an equal share of moisture from the soil. When the tops of my olive trees rise too high, I lop them away, with the result that their growth expands laterally in a manner that is at once more pleasing to the eye and enables them to bear more fruit owing to the increase in the number of branches. A horse whose flanks are compact is not only better to look upon, but swifter in speed. The athlete whose muscles have been formed by exercise is a joy to the eye, but he is also better fitted for the contests in which he must engage. In fact true beauty and usefulness always go hand in hand..
§ 739
Assimilationis hoc § 735. in genere id est praecipue custodiendum:
In this kind of assimilation, §735, this must chiefly be observed:
ne id, quod similitudinis gratia adscivimus, aut obscurum sit, aut ignotum. Debet enim, quod illustrandae alterius rei gratia assumitur, ipsum esse clarius eo, quod illuminat. Quare poetis quidem permittamus sane huiusmodi exempla:
In employing this form of ornament we must be especially careful that the subject chosen for our simile is neither obscure nor unfamiliar: for anything that is selected for the purpose of illuminating something else must itself be clearer than that which it is designed to illustrate. Therefore while we may permit poets to employ such similes as:—:
Qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta
Deserit, aut Delon maternam invisit Apollo.
"As when Apollo wintry Lycia leaves,
And Xanthus' streams, or visits Delos' isle,
His mother's home,"
Non idem decebit oratorem, ut occultis aperta demonstret.
it would be quite unsuitable for an orator to illustrate something quite plain by such obscure allusions.,
Quint. l. c. Efferamus legem generalius: Terminus comparationis et illustrationis omnis, hinc et assimilationis, spectatoribus nostris, quos praecipue debemus accendere, sit notior ac vividior subiecto comparationis, illustrationis, et hinc etiam assimilationis, § 736. Hinc poeta, qualis Virgilius, lectores suos potissimum attendendos per mundum graecae mythologiae poeticum versatissimos qui potuit supponere, recte potest assimilationem instituere, quam habet Quintilianus, sicut et illam Didus in templum venientis, Aen. I. 502:
Quintilian, cited place. Let us state the law more generally: every term of comparison and illustration, and hence of assimilation, should be better known and more vivid to our spectators, whom we especially ought to inflame, than the subject of comparison, illustration, and hence assimilation, §736. Therefore a poet such as Virgil, who could suppose his chiefly intended readers to be very well versed in the poetic world of Greek mythology, can rightly institute the assimilation Quintilian has, as also that of Dido coming into the temple, Aeneid I.502.
Qualis in Eurotae ripis, aut per iuga Cynthi
Exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae
Hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram
Fert humero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes,
Latonae tacitum pertentant gaudia pectus;
Talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat
Per medios instans operi regnisque futuris.
So by the margin of Eurotas wide
or o'er the Cynthian steep, Diana leads
her bright processional; hither and yon
are visionary legions numberless
of Oreads; the regnant goddess bears
a quiver on her shoulders, and is seen
emerging tallest of her beauteous train;
while joy unutterable thrills the breast
of fond Latona: Dido not less fair
amid her subjects passed, and not less bright
her glow of gracious joy, while she approved
her future kingdom's pomp and vast emprise.
Assimilationis hoc § 735. in genere id est praecipue custodiendum:
In this kind of assimilation, §735, this must chiefly be observed:
ne id, quod similitudinis gratia adscivimus, aut obscurum sit, aut ignotum. Debet enim, quod illustrandae alterius rei gratia assumitur, ipsum esse clarius eo, quod illuminat. Quare poetis quidem permittamus sane huiusmodi exempla:
In employing this form of ornament we must be especially careful that the subject chosen for our simile is neither obscure nor unfamiliar: for anything that is selected for the purpose of illuminating something else must itself be clearer than that which it is designed to illustrate. Therefore while we may permit poets to employ such similes as:—:
Qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta
Deserit, aut Delon maternam invisit Apollo.
"As when Apollo wintry Lycia leaves,
And Xanthus' streams, or visits Delos' isle,
His mother's home,"
Non idem decebit oratorem, ut occultis aperta demonstret.
it would be quite unsuitable for an orator to illustrate something quite plain by such obscure allusions.,
Quint. l. c. Efferamus legem generalius: Terminus comparationis et illustrationis omnis, hinc et assimilationis, spectatoribus nostris, quos praecipue debemus accendere, sit notior ac vividior subiecto comparationis, illustrationis, et hinc etiam assimilationis, § 736. Hinc poeta, qualis Virgilius, lectores suos potissimum attendendos per mundum graecae mythologiae poeticum versatissimos qui potuit supponere, recte potest assimilationem instituere, quam habet Quintilianus, sicut et illam Didus in templum venientis, Aen. I. 502:
Quintilian, cited place. Let us state the law more generally: every term of comparison and illustration, and hence of assimilation, should be better known and more vivid to our spectators, whom we especially ought to inflame, than the subject of comparison, illustration, and hence assimilation, §736. Therefore a poet such as Virgil, who could suppose his chiefly intended readers to be very well versed in the poetic world of Greek mythology, can rightly institute the assimilation Quintilian has, as also that of Dido coming into the temple, Aeneid I.502.
Qualis in Eurotae ripis, aut per iuga Cynthi
Exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae
Hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram
Fert humero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes,
Latonae tacitum pertentant gaudia pectus;
Talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat
Per medios instans operi regnisque futuris.
So by the margin of Eurotas wide
or o'er the Cynthian steep, Diana leads
her bright processional; hither and yon
are visionary legions numberless
of Oreads; the regnant goddess bears
a quiver on her shoulders, and is seen
emerging tallest of her beauteous train;
while joy unutterable thrills the breast
of fond Latona: Dido not less fair
amid her subjects passed, and not less bright
her glow of gracious joy, while she approved
her future kingdom's pomp and vast emprise.
Assimilationis hoc § 735. in genere id est praecipue custodiendum:
In this kind of assimilation, §735, this must chiefly be observed:
ne id, quod similitudinis gratia adscivimus, aut obscurum sit, aut ignotum. Debet enim, quod illustrandae alterius rei gratia assumitur, ipsum esse clarius eo, quod illuminat. Quare poetis quidem permittamus sane huiusmodi exempla:
In employing this form of ornament we must be especially careful that the subject chosen for our simile is neither obscure nor unfamiliar: for anything that is selected for the purpose of illuminating something else must itself be clearer than that which it is designed to illustrate. Therefore while we may permit poets to employ such similes as:—:
Qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta
Deserit, aut Delon maternam invisit Apollo.
"As when Apollo wintry Lycia leaves,
And Xanthus' streams, or visits Delos' isle,
His mother's home,"
Non idem decebit oratorem, ut occultis aperta demonstret.
it would be quite unsuitable for an orator to illustrate something quite plain by such obscure allusions.,
Quint. l. c. Efferamus legem generalius:
Quintilian, cited place. Let us state the law more generally:
Terminus comparationis et illustrationis omnis, hinc et assimilationis,
every term of comparison and illustration, and hence of assimilation,
spectatoribus nostris, quos praecipue debemus accendere,
should be better known
sit notior ac vividior
and more vivid to our spectators,
subiecto comparationis,
whom we especially ought to inflame, than the subject of comparison,
illustrationis, et hinc etiam assimilationis, § 736.
illustration, and hence assimilation, §736.
Hinc poeta, qualis Virgilius,
Therefore a poet such as Virgil,
lectores suos potissimum attendendos per mundum graecae
who could suppose his chiefly intended readers to be
mythologiae poeticum versatissimos qui potuit supponere, recte
very well versed in the poetic world of Greek mythology,
potest assimilationem instituere, quam habet Quintilianus,
can rightly institute the assimilation Quintilian has,
sicut et illam Didus in templum venientis, Aen.
as also that of Dido coming into the temple,
I. 502:
Aeneid I.502.
Qualis in Eurotae ripis, aut per iuga Cynthi
Exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae
Hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram
Fert humero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes,
Latonae tacitum pertentant gaudia pectus;
Talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat
Per medios instans operi regnisque futuris.
So by the margin of Eurotas wide
or o'er the Cynthian steep, Diana leads
her bright processional; hither and yon
are visionary legions numberless
of Oreads; the regnant goddess bears
a quiver on her shoulders, and is seen
emerging tallest of her beauteous train;
while joy unutterable thrills the breast
of fond Latona: Dido not less fair
amid her subjects passed, and not less bright
her glow of gracious joy, while she approved
her future kingdom's pomp and vast emprise.
Assimilationis hoc § 735. in genere id est praecipue custodiendum: / In this kind of assimilation, §735, this must chiefly be observed:
ne id, quod similitudinis gratia adscivimus, aut obscurum sit, aut ignotum. Debet enim, quod illustrandae alterius rei gratia assumitur, ipsum esse clarius eo, quod illuminat. Quare poetis quidem permittamus sane huiusmodi exempla:
In employing this form of ornament we must be especially careful that the subject chosen for our simile is neither obscure nor unfamiliar: for anything that is selected for the purpose of illuminating something else must itself be clearer than that which it is designed to illustrate. Therefore while we may permit poets to employ such similes as:—:
Qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta
Deserit, aut Delon maternam invisit Apollo.
"As when Apollo wintry Lycia leaves,
And Xanthus' streams, or visits Delos' isle,
His mother's home,"
Non idem decebit oratorem, ut occultis aperta demonstret.
it would be quite unsuitable for an orator to illustrate something quite plain by such obscure allusions.,
Quint. l. c. Efferamus legem generalius: Terminus comparationis et illustrationis omnis, hinc et assimilationis, spectatoribus nostris, quos praecipue debemus accendere, sit notior ac vividior subiecto comparationis, illustrationis, et hinc etiam assimilationis, § 736. Hinc poeta, qualis Virgilius, lectores suos potissimum attendendos per mundum graecae mythologiae poeticum versatissimos qui potuit supponere, recte potest assimilationem instituere, quam habet Quintilianus, sicut et illam Didus in templum venientis, Aen. I. 502: / Quintilian, cited place. Let us state the law more generally: every term of comparison and illustration, and hence of assimilation, should be better known and more vivid to our spectators, whom we especially ought to inflame, than the subject of comparison, illustration, and hence assimilation, §736. Therefore a poet such as Virgil, who could suppose his chiefly intended readers to be very well versed in the poetic world of Greek mythology, can rightly institute the assimilation Quintilian has, as also that of Dido coming into the temple, Aeneid I.502.
Qualis in Eurotae ripis, aut per iuga Cynthi
Exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae
Hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram
Fert humero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnes,
Latonae tacitum pertentant gaudia pectus;
Talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat
Per medios instans operi regnisque futuris.
So by the margin of Eurotas wide
or o'er the Cynthian steep, Diana leads
her bright processional; hither and yon
are visionary legions numberless
of Oreads; the regnant goddess bears
a quiver on her shoulders, and is seen
emerging tallest of her beauteous train;
while joy unutterable thrills the breast
of fond Latona: Dido not less fair
amid her subjects passed, and not less bright
her glow of gracious joy, while she approved
her future kingdom's pomp and vast emprise.
§ 740
Orator, populum praesertim auditorem qui tenetur animadvertere, neque mythologum, neque geographum affatim, his assimilationibus abstinet, cum poeta Christianis scribente, § 600. In bucolicis assimilatio pulcra est:
The orator, who is bound to notice especially the people as audience, and who does not have a mythologist or geographer in abundance before him, abstains from these assimilations, together with the poet writing to Christians, §600. In bucolics the assimilation is beautiful:
Alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur,
"white privets fall, dark hyacinths are culled."
licet possit esse lectori, neque ruris neque botanices perito, subobscurus assimilationis terminus, quoniam eiusmodi lectorem non habent obiectum suum personale primarium bucolica.
although the term of assimilation can be somewhat obscure to a reader skilled neither in the country nor in botany, because bucolic poetry does not have such a reader as its primary personal object.
Orator, populum praesertim auditorem qui tenetur animadvertere, neque mythologum, neque geographum affatim, his assimilationibus abstinet, cum poeta Christianis scribente, § 600. In bucolicis assimilatio pulcra est:
The orator, who is bound to notice especially the people as audience, and who does not have a mythologist or geographer in abundance before him, abstains from these assimilations, together with the poet writing to Christians, §600. In bucolics the assimilation is beautiful:
Alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur,
"white privets fall, dark hyacinths are culled."
licet possit esse lectori, neque ruris neque botanices perito, subobscurus assimilationis terminus, quoniam eiusmodi lectorem non habent obiectum suum personale primarium bucolica.
although the term of assimilation can be somewhat obscure to a reader skilled neither in the country nor in botany, because bucolic poetry does not have such a reader as its primary personal object.
Orator, populum praesertim auditorem qui tenetur animadvertere,
The orator, who is bound to notice especially the people as audience,
neque mythologum, neque geographum affatim,
and who does not have a mythologist or geographer in
his assimilationibus abstinet,
abundance before him, abstains from these assimilations, together
cum poeta Christianis scribente, § 600.
with the poet writing to Christians, §600.
In bucolicis assimilatio pulcra est:
In bucolics the assimilation is beautiful:
Alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur,
"white privets fall, dark hyacinths are culled."
licet possit esse lectori,
although the term of assimilation can be somewhat
neque ruris neque botanices perito, subobscurus assimilationis terminus,
obscure to a reader skilled neither in the country nor
quoniam eiusmodi lectorem non habent
in botany, because bucolic poetry does not have such
obiectum suum personale primarium bucolica.
a reader as its primary personal object.
Orator, populum praesertim auditorem qui tenetur animadvertere, neque mythologum, neque geographum affatim, his assimilationibus abstinet, cum poeta Christianis scribente, § 600. In bucolicis assimilatio pulcra est: / The orator, who is bound to notice especially the people as audience, and who does not have a mythologist or geographer in abundance before him, abstains from these assimilations, together with the poet writing to Christians, §600. In bucolics the assimilation is beautiful:
Alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur,
"white privets fall, dark hyacinths are culled."
licet possit esse lectori, neque ruris neque botanices perito, subobscurus assimilationis terminus, quoniam eiusmodi lectorem non habent obiectum suum personale primarium bucolica. / although the term of assimilation can be somewhat obscure to a reader skilled neither in the country nor in botany, because bucolic poetry does not have such a reader as its primary personal object.
§ 741
Illud, de quo dixi, similitudinis genus ornat orationem, facitque sublimem,
But even the type of simile which I discussed in connexion with arguments is an ornament to oratory, and serves to make it sublime, rich, attractive or striking, as the case may be.,
§ 336. floridam, § 693.
§336, florid, §693,
nunc mirabilem. Nam quo quaeque longius petita est, hoc plus affert novitatis atque inexspectata magis est.
For the more remote the simile is from the subject to which it is applied, the greater will be the impression of novelty and the unexpected which it produces.,
Quint. l. c. Longius petitam opponit vulgaribus. Nihil profecto magis absonum, quam illustrationes tritas ac vulgares propinare pulcra exspectantibus. Quoniam enim, quam primum coeperis, nauseam movent, et audiendi spectandive, generatim attendendi fastidium; qui possint intendere claritatem illustraturae, quam tamen exstinguunt et opprimunt? His autem decantatis et tritis a Phoebo, ab Alexandro M. a sole comparationibus novas potius et inusitatas opponerem, quam longius petitas. LONGIUS PETITUM est ARGUMENTUM, in quo committitur saltus aesthetice illegitimus, cuius elegans scilicet combinatio cum re praesertim cogitanda difficulter est aut prorsus non est observabilis analogo rationis praecipuorum, quos attendere debes, spectatorum, ob perceptionum intermediarum, sed omissarum, multitudinem. Argumenta, hinc figurae, illustrationes, comparationes, et similitudines longius petitae, quia circa patulum orbem morantur, § 138. rotunditati inimicae, dum hiatum pandunt, § 166. contra unitatem aestheticam, § 439. quoniam terminus et subiectum comparationis adeo distant, ut nulla possit eleganter in iisdem deprehendi inseparabilitas, hinc attentionem distrahunt potius, quam aequabiliter diffundunt, haerere potius et desperare iubent, quam ad ἔξοχον usque continuare, quamcunque novitatis speciem mentiantur, cavendae potius et recidendae sunt, quam admirationis gratia captandae.
Quintilian. He opposes what is sought from farther away to commonplaces. Nothing is more discordant than offering worn and vulgar illustrations to those expecting beautiful things. As soon as they begin, they produce nausea and disgust at hearing, seeing, or generally attending; how can they intensify the clarity they were to illustrate, when they extinguish and crush it? To these hackneyed comparisons from Phoebus, Alexander the Great, and the sun, I would oppose new and unusual comparisons rather than ones fetched from farther away. A FAR-FETCHED ARGUMENT is one in which an aesthetically illegitimate leap is committed, whose elegant combination with the thing chiefly to be thought is difficult or impossible for the analogue of reason of the principal spectators to observe, because of the multitude of intermediate perceptions omitted. Far-fetched arguments, figures, illustrations, comparisons, and likenesses, because they linger around an open circuit, §138, hostile to roundedness, while they open a gap, §166, against aesthetic unity, §439, since the term and subject of comparison are so distant that no inseparability can be elegantly detected in them, distract attention rather than spread it equably. They command one rather to stick fast and despair than to continue up to the ἔξοχον. Whatever appearance of novelty they feign, they should be avoided and cut away rather than sought for admiration's sake.
Illud, de quo dixi, similitudinis genus ornat orationem, facitque sublimem,
But even the type of simile which I discussed in connexion with arguments is an ornament to oratory, and serves to make it sublime, rich, attractive or striking, as the case may be.,
§ 336. floridam, § 693.
§336, florid, §693,
nunc mirabilem. Nam quo quaeque longius petita est, hoc plus affert novitatis atque inexspectata magis est.
For the more remote the simile is from the subject to which it is applied, the greater will be the impression of novelty and the unexpected which it produces.,
Quint. l. c. Longius petitam opponit vulgaribus.
Quintilian. He opposes what is sought from farther away to commonplaces.
Nihil profecto magis absonum, quam illustrationes tritas ac vulgares propinare pulcra exspectantibus.
Nothing is more discordant than offering worn and vulgar illustrations to those expecting beautiful things.
Quoniam enim, quam primum coeperis, nauseam movent, et audiendi spectandive, generatim attendendi fastidium; qui possint intendere claritatem illustraturae, quam tamen exstinguunt et opprimunt?
As soon as they begin, they produce nausea and disgust at hearing, seeing, or generally attending; how can they intensify the clarity they were to illustrate, when they extinguish and crush it?
His autem decantatis et tritis a Phoebo, ab Alexandro M. a sole comparationibus novas potius et inusitatas opponerem, quam longius petitas.
To these hackneyed comparisons from Phoebus, Alexander the Great, and the sun, I would oppose new and unusual comparisons rather than ones fetched from farther away.
LONGIUS PETITUM est ARGUMENTUM, in quo committitur saltus aesthetice illegitimus, cuius elegans scilicet combinatio cum re praesertim cogitanda difficulter est aut prorsus non est observabilis analogo rationis praecipuorum, quos attendere debes, spectatorum, ob perceptionum intermediarum, sed omissarum, multitudinem.
A FAR-FETCHED ARGUMENT is one in which an aesthetically illegitimate leap is committed, whose elegant combination with the thing chiefly to be thought is difficult or impossible for the analogue of reason of the principal spectators to observe, because of the multitude of intermediate perceptions omitted.
Argumenta, hinc figurae, illustrationes, comparationes, et similitudines longius petitae, quia circa patulum orbem morantur, § 138. rotunditati inimicae, dum hiatum pandunt, § 166. contra unitatem aestheticam, § 439. quoniam terminus et subiectum comparationis adeo distant, ut nulla possit eleganter in iisdem deprehendi inseparabilitas, hinc attentionem distrahunt potius, quam aequabiliter diffundunt, haerere potius et desperare iubent, quam ad ἔξοχον usque continuare, quamcunque novitatis speciem mentiantur, cavendae potius et recidendae sunt, quam admirationis gratia captandae.
Far-fetched arguments, figures, illustrations, comparisons, and likenesses, because they linger around an open circuit, §138, hostile to roundedness, while they open a gap, §166, against aesthetic unity, §439, since the term and subject of comparison are so distant that no inseparability can be elegantly detected in them, distract attention rather than spread it equably. They command one rather to stick fast and despair than to continue up to the ἔξοχον. Whatever appearance of novelty they feign, they should be avoided and cut away rather than sought for admiration's sake.
Illud, de quo dixi, similitudinis genus ornat orationem, facitque sublimem,
But even the type of simile which I discussed in connexion with arguments is an ornament to oratory, and serves to make it sublime, rich, attractive or striking, as the case may be.,
§ 336. floridam, § 693.
§336, florid, §693,
nunc mirabilem. Nam quo quaeque longius petita est, hoc plus affert novitatis atque inexspectata magis est.
For the more remote the simile is from the subject to which it is applied, the greater will be the impression of novelty and the unexpected which it produces.,
Quint. l. c. Longius petitam opponit vulgaribus.
Quintilian. He opposes what is sought from farther away to commonplaces.
Nihil profecto magis absonum, quam illustrationes tritas ac vulgares
Nothing is more discordant than offering worn and vulgar
propinare pulcra exspectantibus.
illustrations to those expecting beautiful things.
Quoniam enim, quam primum coeperis, nauseam movent,
As soon as they begin, they produce nausea
et audiendi spectandive, generatim attendendi
and disgust at hearing, seeing, or generally attending;
fastidium; qui possint intendere claritatem illustraturae,
how can they intensify the clarity they were to illustrate,
quam tamen exstinguunt et opprimunt?
when they extinguish and crush it?
His autem decantatis et tritis a Phoebo,
To these hackneyed comparisons from Phoebus,
ab Alexandro M.
Alexander the Great, and the
a sole comparationibus novas potius et inusitatas opponerem,
sun, I would oppose new and unusual comparisons rather than ones
quam longius petitas.
fetched from farther away.
LONGIUS PETITUM est ARGUMENTUM, in quo committitur saltus aesthetice illegitimus,
A FAR-FETCHED ARGUMENT is one in which an aesthetically illegitimate
cuius elegans scilicet combinatio cum
leap is committed, whose elegant combination with the
re praesertim cogitanda difficulter est aut prorsus non
thing chiefly to be thought is difficult or impossible
est observabilis analogo rationis praecipuorum, quos attendere debes,
for the analogue of reason of the principal
spectatorum, ob perceptionum intermediarum, sed omissarum, multitudinem.
spectators to observe, because of the multitude of intermediate perceptions omitted.
Argumenta, hinc figurae, illustrationes, comparationes, et similitudines
Far-fetched arguments, figures, illustrations, comparisons, and likenesses,
longius petitae, quia circa
because they linger around an open circuit,
patulum orbem morantur, § 138. rotunditati inimicae,
§138, hostile to roundedness, while they
dum hiatum pandunt, § 166. contra unitatem aestheticam, § 439.
open a gap, §166, against aesthetic unity, §439,
quoniam terminus et subiectum comparationis adeo distant,
since the term and subject of comparison are so distant
ut nulla possit eleganter in iisdem
that no inseparability can be elegantly detected in them,
deprehendi inseparabilitas, hinc attentionem
distract attention rather than spread it equably.
distrahunt potius, quam aequabiliter diffundunt, haerere potius et desperare iubent,
They command one rather to stick fast and despair than to continue
quam ad ἔξοχον usque continuare, quamcunque novitatis speciem
up to the ἔξοχον. Whatever appearance of novelty they feign,
mentiantur, cavendae potius et recidendae sunt,
they should be avoided and cut away rather
quam admirationis gratia captandae.
than sought for admiration's sake.
Illud, de quo dixi, similitudinis genus ornat orationem, facitque sublimem,
But even the type of simile which I discussed in connexion with arguments is an ornament to oratory, and serves to make it sublime, rich, attractive or striking, as the case may be.,
§ 336. floridam, § 693. / §336, florid, §693,
nunc mirabilem. Nam quo quaeque longius petita est, hoc plus affert novitatis atque inexspectata magis est.
For the more remote the simile is from the subject to which it is applied, the greater will be the impression of novelty and the unexpected which it produces.,
Quint. l. c. Longius petitam opponit vulgaribus. / Quintilian. He opposes what is sought from farther away to commonplaces.
Nihil profecto magis absonum, quam illustrationes tritas ac vulgares propinare pulcra exspectantibus. / Nothing is more discordant than offering worn and vulgar illustrations to those expecting beautiful things.
Quoniam enim, quam primum coeperis, nauseam movent, et audiendi spectandive, generatim attendendi fastidium; qui possint intendere claritatem illustraturae, quam tamen exstinguunt et opprimunt? / As soon as they begin, they produce nausea and disgust at hearing, seeing, or generally attending; how can they intensify the clarity they were to illustrate, when they extinguish and crush it?
His autem decantatis et tritis a Phoebo, ab Alexandro M. a sole comparationibus novas potius et inusitatas opponerem, quam longius petitas. / To these hackneyed comparisons from Phoebus, Alexander the Great, and the sun, I would oppose new and unusual comparisons rather than ones fetched from farther away.
LONGIUS PETITUM est ARGUMENTUM, in quo committitur saltus aesthetice illegitimus, cuius elegans scilicet combinatio cum re praesertim cogitanda difficulter est aut prorsus non est observabilis analogo rationis praecipuorum, quos attendere debes, spectatorum, ob perceptionum intermediarum, sed omissarum, multitudinem. / A FAR-FETCHED ARGUMENT is one in which an aesthetically illegitimate leap is committed, whose elegant combination with the thing chiefly to be thought is difficult or impossible for the analogue of reason of the principal spectators to observe, because of the multitude of intermediate perceptions omitted.
Argumenta, hinc figurae, illustrationes, comparationes, et similitudines longius petitae, quia circa patulum orbem morantur, § 138. rotunditati inimicae, dum hiatum pandunt, § 166. contra unitatem aestheticam, § 439. quoniam terminus et subiectum comparationis adeo distant, ut nulla possit eleganter in iisdem deprehendi inseparabilitas, hinc attentionem distrahunt potius, quam aequabiliter diffundunt, haerere potius et desperare iubent, quam ad ἔξοχον usque continuare, quamcunque novitatis speciem mentiantur, cavendae potius et recidendae sunt, quam admirationis gratia captandae. / Far-fetched arguments, figures, illustrations, comparisons, and likenesses, because they linger around an open circuit, §138, hostile to roundedness, while they open a gap, §166, against aesthetic unity, §439, since the term and subject of comparison are so distant that no inseparability can be elegantly detected in them, distract attention rather than spread it equably. They command one rather to stick fast and despair than to continue up to the ἔξοχον. Whatever appearance of novelty they feign, they should be avoided and cut away rather than sought for admiration's sake.
§ 742
SECTIO XXXXIIII
COMPARATIO MAIORIS ET MINORIS
Comparatio latius dicta, figura princeps illustrantium, § 735. comprehendit sub se 2) comparationem partis cum toto, totius cum partibus, superioris, generum, specierum cum inferioribus generibus, speciebus et individuis, inferioris, individui, speciei, generis cum superiore, specie, vel genere, sub quibus contineatur. Quis enim nescit ex toto partem, ex ungue leonem, ex generibus species et individua, ex Sinone Pelasgos, ex Graecis homines cognosci, vividius etiam, hinc illustrari posse? § 730. Quoniam autem totum maius suis partibus, et conceptus superior maior ac latior est, et plura sub se comprehendens, quam inferior, sub eodem cum aliis comprehensus, descriptam hanc comparationem eiusmodi conceptuum liceat dicere COMPARATIONEM MAIORIS AC MINORIS, si subiectum comparationis fuerit minus, pars, vel inferior quidam conceptus, ADSCENDENTEM; si subiectum comparationis fuerit maius, totum vel superior quidam conceptus, DESCENDENTEM.
SECTION XXXXIIII
COMPARISON OF GREATER AND LESSER
Comparison broadly so called, the principal figure of illustrations, §735, contains under itself 2) comparison of part with whole, whole with parts, superior, genera, and species with inferior genera, species, and individuals, and of inferior, individual, species, and genus with the superior, species, or genus under which it is contained. For who does not know that from the whole the part, from the claw the lion, from genera species and individuals, from Sinon the Pelasgians, from Greeks human beings, can be known, and even known more vividly, and hence illustrated? §730. Since the whole is greater than its parts, and the superior concept is greater and broader and contains more under itself than the inferior contained under it together with others, it is permissible to call this described comparison of such concepts COMPARISON OF GREATER AND LESSER: ASCENDING if the subject of comparison is the lesser, a part, or some inferior concept; DESCENDING if the subject of comparison is the greater, the whole, or some superior concept.
SECTIO XXXXIIII
COMPARATIO MAIORIS ET MINORIS
Comparatio latius dicta, figura princeps illustrantium, § 735. comprehendit sub se 2) comparationem partis cum toto, totius cum partibus, superioris, generum, specierum cum inferioribus generibus, speciebus et individuis, inferioris, individui, speciei, generis cum superiore, specie, vel genere, sub quibus contineatur.
SECTION XXXXIIII
COMPARISON OF GREATER AND LESSER
Comparison broadly so called, the principal figure of illustrations, §735, contains under itself 2) comparison of part with whole, whole with parts, superior, genera, and species with inferior genera, species, and individuals, and of inferior, individual, species, and genus with the superior, species, or genus under which it is contained.
Quis enim nescit ex toto partem, ex ungue leonem, ex generibus species et individua, ex Sinone Pelasgos, ex Graecis homines cognosci, vividius etiam, hinc illustrari posse? § 730. Quoniam autem totum maius suis partibus, et conceptus superior maior ac latior est, et plura sub se comprehendens, quam inferior, sub eodem cum aliis comprehensus, descriptam hanc comparationem eiusmodi conceptuum liceat dicere COMPARATIONEM MAIORIS AC MINORIS, si subiectum comparationis fuerit minus, pars, vel inferior quidam conceptus, ADSCENDENTEM; si subiectum comparationis fuerit maius, totum vel superior quidam conceptus, DESCENDENTEM.
For who does not know that from the whole the part, from the claw the lion, from genera species and individuals, from Sinon the Pelasgians, from Greeks human beings, can be known, and even known more vividly, and hence illustrated? §730. Since the whole is greater than its parts, and the superior concept is greater and broader and contains more under itself than the inferior contained under it together with others, it is permissible to call this described comparison of such concepts COMPARISON OF GREATER AND LESSER: ASCENDING if the subject of comparison is the lesser, a part, or some inferior concept; DESCENDING if the subject of comparison is the greater, the whole, or some superior concept.
SECTIO XXXXIIII COMPARATIO MAIORIS ET MINORIS Comparatio latius dicta,
SECTION XXXXIIII COMPARISON OF GREATER AND LESSER Comparison broadly so called,
figura princeps illustrantium, § 735.
the principal figure of illustrations, §735,
comprehendit sub se 2) comparationem partis cum toto,
contains under itself 2) comparison of part with whole,
totius cum partibus, superioris, generum, specierum cum inferioribus generibus,
whole with parts, superior, genera, and species with inferior genera,
speciebus et individuis, inferioris, individui, speciei,
species, and individuals, and of inferior, individual, species,
generis cum superiore, specie, vel genere,
and genus with the superior, species, or genus
sub quibus contineatur.
under which it is contained.
Quis enim nescit ex toto partem,
For who does not know that from the whole the part,
ex ungue leonem, ex generibus species et individua,
from the claw the lion, from genera species and individuals,
ex Sinone Pelasgos, ex Graecis homines cognosci,
from Sinon the Pelasgians, from Greeks human beings,
vividius etiam, hinc illustrari
can be known, and even known more vividly, and hence illustrated?
posse? § 730. Quoniam autem totum maius suis partibus,
§730. Since the whole is greater than its parts,
et conceptus superior maior ac latior est,
and the superior concept is greater and broader
et plura sub se comprehendens, quam inferior,
and contains more under itself than the inferior
sub eodem cum aliis comprehensus,
contained under it together with others, it
descriptam hanc comparationem eiusmodi
is permissible to call this described comparison of such
conceptuum liceat dicere COMPARATIONEM MAIORIS AC MINORIS,
concepts COMPARISON OF GREATER AND LESSER:
si subiectum comparationis fuerit minus,
ASCENDING if the subject of comparison is the lesser,
pars, vel inferior quidam conceptus, ADSCENDENTEM;
a part, or some inferior concept; DESCENDING
si subiectum comparationis fuerit maius, totum
if the subject of comparison is the greater,
vel superior quidam conceptus, DESCENDENTEM.
the whole, or some superior concept.
SECTIO XXXXIIII COMPARATIO MAIORIS ET MINORIS Comparatio latius dicta, figura princeps illustrantium, § 735. comprehendit sub se 2) comparationem partis cum toto, totius cum partibus, superioris, generum, specierum cum inferioribus generibus, speciebus et individuis, inferioris, individui, speciei, generis cum superiore, specie, vel genere, sub quibus contineatur. / SECTION XXXXIIII COMPARISON OF GREATER AND LESSER Comparison broadly so called, the principal figure of illustrations, §735, contains under itself 2) comparison of part with whole, whole with parts, superior, genera, and species with inferior genera, species, and individuals, and of inferior, individual, species, and genus with the superior, species, or genus under which it is contained.
Quis enim nescit ex toto partem, ex ungue leonem, ex generibus species et individua, ex Sinone Pelasgos, ex Graecis homines cognosci, vividius etiam, hinc illustrari posse? § 730. Quoniam autem totum maius suis partibus, et conceptus superior maior ac latior est, et plura sub se comprehendens, quam inferior, sub eodem cum aliis comprehensus, descriptam hanc comparationem eiusmodi conceptuum liceat dicere COMPARATIONEM MAIORIS AC MINORIS, si subiectum comparationis fuerit minus, pars, vel inferior quidam conceptus, ADSCENDENTEM; si subiectum comparationis fuerit maius, totum vel superior quidam conceptus, DESCENDENTEM. / For who does not know that from the whole the part, from the claw the lion, from genera species and individuals, from Sinon the Pelasgians, from Greeks human beings, can be known, and even known more vividly, and hence illustrated? §730. Since the whole is greater than its parts, and the superior concept is greater and broader and contains more under itself than the inferior contained under it together with others, it is permissible to call this described comparison of such concepts COMPARISON OF GREATER AND LESSER: ASCENDING if the subject of comparison is the lesser, a part, or some inferior concept; DESCENDING if the subject of comparison is the greater, the whole, or some superior concept.
§ 743
Comparatio adscendens est a) si partem et varium aliquod certi totius ex eiusdem toto reddamus illustrius. Virgilius Georg. I. in primis coloni regulis legit, praediscere:
Ascending comparison is a) if we make a part and some variety of a definite whole more illustrious from the whole itself. In Georgics I, among the first rules for the farmer, Virgil chooses to learn beforehand
patrios cultusque habitusque locorum,
Et quid quaeque ferat regio, quid quaeque recuset.
"The lineal tilth and habits of the spot,
What every region yields, and what denies."
Quoniam de cultu et habitu unius loci loquitur, quem unus aliquis avarus agricola, v. 46. possideat, minutulam telluris partem habet subiectum comparationis, quid per huius patrios cultus et habitus praediscendos intelligat, illustraturus terminum comparationis sibi sumit, huius agri totum, omnem tellurem, per quam ubique
Since he speaks of the cultivation and habit of one place, which some one greedy farmer may possess, v.46, he has as the subject of comparison a tiny part of the earth. To illustrate what he means by learning beforehand the ancestral cultivations and habits of this place, he takes as the term of comparison the whole of this field, the entire earth, through which everywhere
Hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,
Arborei foetus alibi, atque iniussa virescunt
Gramina.
Continuo has leges aeternaque foedera certis
Imposuit natura locis, quo tempore primum
Deucalion vacuum lapides iactavit in orbem.
"Here blithelier springs the corn, and here the grape,
There earth is green with tender growth of trees
And grass unbidden. ... Such the eternal bond
And such the laws by Nature's hand imposed
On clime and clime, e'er since the primal dawn
When old Deucalion on the unpeopled earth
Cast stones, whence men, a flinty race, were reared."
Comparatio adscendens est a) si partem et varium aliquod certi totius ex eiusdem toto reddamus illustrius.
Ascending comparison is a) if we make a part and some variety of a definite whole more illustrious from the whole itself.
Virgilius Georg. I. in primis coloni regulis legit, praediscere:
In Georgics I, among the first rules for the farmer, Virgil chooses to learn beforehand
patrios cultusque habitusque locorum,
Et quid quaeque ferat regio, quid quaeque recuset.
"The lineal tilth and habits of the spot,
What every region yields, and what denies."
Quoniam de cultu et habitu unius loci loquitur, quem unus aliquis avarus agricola, v. 46. possideat, minutulam telluris partem habet subiectum comparationis, quid per huius patrios cultus et habitus praediscendos intelligat, illustraturus terminum comparationis sibi sumit, huius agri totum, omnem tellurem, per quam ubique
Since he speaks of the cultivation and habit of one place, which some one greedy farmer may possess, v.46, he has as the subject of comparison a tiny part of the earth. To illustrate what he means by learning beforehand the ancestral cultivations and habits of this place, he takes as the term of comparison the whole of this field, the entire earth, through which everywhere
Hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,
Arborei foetus alibi, atque iniussa virescunt
Gramina.
Continuo has leges aeternaque foedera certis
Imposuit natura locis, quo tempore primum
Deucalion vacuum lapides iactavit in orbem.
"Here blithelier springs the corn, and here the grape,
There earth is green with tender growth of trees
And grass unbidden. ... Such the eternal bond
And such the laws by Nature's hand imposed
On clime and clime, e'er since the primal dawn
When old Deucalion on the unpeopled earth
Cast stones, whence men, a flinty race, were reared."
Comparatio adscendens est a) si
Ascending comparison is a) if we make a
partem et varium aliquod certi totius
part and some variety of a definite whole more
ex eiusdem toto reddamus illustrius.
illustrious from the whole itself.
Virgilius Georg. I. in primis coloni regulis
In Georgics I, among the first rules for the farmer,
legit, praediscere:
Virgil chooses to learn beforehand
patrios cultusque habitusque locorum,
Et quid quaeque ferat regio, quid quaeque recuset.
"The lineal tilth and habits of the spot,
What every region yields, and what denies."
Quoniam de cultu et habitu unius loci
Since he speaks of the cultivation and habit of one place,
loquitur, quem unus aliquis avarus agricola, v.
which some one greedy farmer may possess, v.46, he has
46. possideat, minutulam telluris partem
as the subject of comparison a tiny part of the earth.
habet subiectum comparationis, quid per huius patrios
To illustrate what he means by learning beforehand
cultus et habitus praediscendos intelligat, illustraturus
the ancestral cultivations and habits of this place,
terminum comparationis sibi sumit,
he takes as the term of comparison the whole
huius agri totum, omnem tellurem, per quam ubique
of this field, the entire earth, through which everywhere
Hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,
Arborei foetus alibi, atque iniussa virescunt
Gramina.
Continuo has leges aeternaque foedera certis
Imposuit natura locis, quo tempore primum
Deucalion vacuum lapides iactavit in orbem.
"Here blithelier springs the corn, and here the grape,
There earth is green with tender growth of trees
And grass unbidden. ... Such the eternal bond
And such the laws by Nature's hand imposed
On clime and clime, e'er since the primal dawn
When old Deucalion on the unpeopled earth
Cast stones, whence men, a flinty race, were reared."
Comparatio adscendens est a) si partem et varium aliquod certi totius ex eiusdem toto reddamus illustrius. / Ascending comparison is a) if we make a part and some variety of a definite whole more illustrious from the whole itself.
Virgilius Georg. I. in primis coloni regulis legit, praediscere: / In Georgics I, among the first rules for the farmer, Virgil chooses to learn beforehand
patrios cultusque habitusque locorum,
Et quid quaeque ferat regio, quid quaeque recuset.
"The lineal tilth and habits of the spot,
What every region yields, and what denies."
Quoniam de cultu et habitu unius loci loquitur, quem unus aliquis avarus agricola, v. 46. possideat, minutulam telluris partem habet subiectum comparationis, quid per huius patrios cultus et habitus praediscendos intelligat, illustraturus terminum comparationis sibi sumit, huius agri totum, omnem tellurem, per quam ubique / Since he speaks of the cultivation and habit of one place, which some one greedy farmer may possess, v.46, he has as the subject of comparison a tiny part of the earth. To illustrate what he means by learning beforehand the ancestral cultivations and habits of this place, he takes as the term of comparison the whole of this field, the entire earth, through which everywhere
Hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae,
Arborei foetus alibi, atque iniussa virescunt
Gramina.
Continuo has leges aeternaque foedera certis
Imposuit natura locis, quo tempore primum
Deucalion vacuum lapides iactavit in orbem.
"Here blithelier springs the corn, and here the grape,
There earth is green with tender growth of trees
And grass unbidden. ... Such the eternal bond
And such the laws by Nature's hand imposed
On clime and clime, e'er since the primal dawn
When old Deucalion on the unpeopled earth
Cast stones, whence men, a flinty race, were reared."
§ 744
Comparatio adscendens est b) si perceptionem aliquam inferius et magis determinatum sistentem illustremus per perceptionem, quae distinctius inferioris superius, ac minus determinatum exhibeat. Erit hinc comparatio adscendens huius indolis illustratio α) individui per suam speciem vel genus aliquod, sub quo datum individuum contineatur. Mercurius ipse Didonem metuendam Aeneae persuasurus: comparat cum eadem eius sexum, veluti genus:
Ascending comparison is b) if we illustrate a perception presenting something lower and more determinate through a perception that more distinctly exhibits the superior and less determinate of the lower. Hence an illustration of this character will be ascending comparison: α) of an individual through its species or some genus under which the given individual is contained. Mercury himself, wishing to persuade Aeneas that Dido is to be feared, compares with her her sex as a genus:
Varium, inquiens, et mutabile semper
Foemina.
"A mutable and shifting thing
is woman ever."
Aen. IIII. 569. β) speciei per suum quoddam genus. Species oeconomiae rusticae, agricultura:
Aeneid IV.569. β) Of a species through some genus of its own. The species of rural economy, agriculture,
curis acuens mortalia corda,
"And first was he by human skill to rouse
The slumbering glebe, whetting the minds of men
With care on care,"
Georg. I. 123. illustratur a suis generibus:
Georgics I.123, is illustrated from its genera:
labor omnia vincit
Improbus et duris urgens in rebus egestas.
"Then divers arts arose; toil conquered all,
Remorseless toil, and poverty's shrewd push
In times of hardship."
γ) genus per genus suum superius. Genus seminum degenerantium post aliquot annos ibidem illustratur a genere suo tantum non supremo:
γ) Of a genus through its superior genus. The genus of seeds degenerating after some years is illustrated there by its almost highest genus:
Sic omnia fatis
In peius ruere ac retro sublapsa referri.
"So, by fate impelled,
Speed all things to the worse, and backward borne
Glide from us;"
Comparatio adscendens est b) si perceptionem aliquam inferius et magis determinatum sistentem illustremus per perceptionem, quae distinctius inferioris superius, ac minus determinatum exhibeat.
Ascending comparison is b) if we illustrate a perception presenting something lower and more determinate through a perception that more distinctly exhibits the superior and less determinate of the lower.
Erit hinc comparatio adscendens huius indolis illustratio α) individui per suam speciem vel genus aliquod, sub quo datum individuum contineatur.
Hence an illustration of this character will be ascending comparison: α) of an individual through its species or some genus under which the given individual is contained.
Mercurius ipse Didonem metuendam Aeneae persuasurus: comparat cum eadem eius sexum, veluti genus:
Mercury himself, wishing to persuade Aeneas that Dido is to be feared, compares with her her sex as a genus:
Varium, inquiens, et mutabile semper
Foemina.
"A mutable and shifting thing
is woman ever."
Aen. IIII. 569. β) speciei per suum quoddam genus.
Aeneid IV.569. β) Of a species through some genus of its own.
Species oeconomiae rusticae, agricultura:
The species of rural economy, agriculture,
curis acuens mortalia corda,
"And first was he by human skill to rouse
The slumbering glebe, whetting the minds of men
With care on care,"
Georg. I. 123. illustratur a suis generibus:
Georgics I.123, is illustrated from its genera:
labor omnia vincit
Improbus et duris urgens in rebus egestas.
"Then divers arts arose; toil conquered all,
Remorseless toil, and poverty's shrewd push
In times of hardship."
γ) genus per genus suum superius.
γ) Of a genus through its superior genus.
Genus seminum degenerantium post aliquot annos ibidem illustratur a genere suo tantum non supremo:
The genus of seeds degenerating after some years is illustrated there by its almost highest genus:
Sic omnia fatis
In peius ruere ac retro sublapsa referri.
"So, by fate impelled,
Speed all things to the worse, and backward borne
Glide from us;"
Comparatio adscendens est b) si
Ascending comparison is b) if we illustrate a
perceptionem aliquam inferius et magis determinatum sistentem illustremus per perceptionem,
perception presenting something lower and more determinate through a perception
quae distinctius inferioris superius, ac minus determinatum exhibeat.
that more distinctly exhibits the superior and less determinate of the lower.
Erit hinc comparatio adscendens huius indolis illustratio
Hence an illustration of this character will be ascending comparison:
α) individui per suam speciem vel genus aliquod,
α) of an individual through its species or some genus under
sub quo datum individuum contineatur.
which the given individual is contained.
Mercurius ipse Didonem metuendam Aeneae persuasurus:
Mercury himself, wishing to persuade Aeneas that Dido is
comparat cum eadem eius sexum, veluti genus:
to be feared, compares with her her sex as a genus:
Varium, inquiens, et mutabile semper
Foemina.
"A mutable and shifting thing
is woman ever."
Aen. IIII. 569. β) speciei per suum quoddam genus.
Aeneid IV.569. β) Of a species through some genus of its own.
Species oeconomiae rusticae, agricultura:
The species of rural economy, agriculture,
curis acuens mortalia corda,
"And first was he by human skill to rouse
The slumbering glebe, whetting the minds of men
With care on care,"
Georg. I. 123. illustratur a suis generibus:
Georgics I.123, is illustrated from its genera:
labor omnia vincit
Improbus et duris urgens in rebus egestas.
"Then divers arts arose; toil conquered all,
Remorseless toil, and poverty's shrewd push
In times of hardship."
γ) genus per genus suum superius.
γ) Of a genus through its superior genus.
Genus seminum degenerantium post aliquot annos ibidem
The genus of seeds degenerating after some years is
illustratur a genere suo tantum non supremo:
illustrated there by its almost highest genus:
Sic omnia fatis
In peius ruere ac retro sublapsa referri.
"So, by fate impelled,
Speed all things to the worse, and backward borne
Glide from us;"
Comparatio adscendens est b) si perceptionem aliquam inferius et magis determinatum sistentem illustremus per perceptionem, quae distinctius inferioris superius, ac minus determinatum exhibeat. / Ascending comparison is b) if we illustrate a perception presenting something lower and more determinate through a perception that more distinctly exhibits the superior and less determinate of the lower.
Erit hinc comparatio adscendens huius indolis illustratio α) individui per suam speciem vel genus aliquod, sub quo datum individuum contineatur. / Hence an illustration of this character will be ascending comparison: α) of an individual through its species or some genus under which the given individual is contained.
Mercurius ipse Didonem metuendam Aeneae persuasurus: comparat cum eadem eius sexum, veluti genus: / Mercury himself, wishing to persuade Aeneas that Dido is to be feared, compares with her her sex as a genus:
Varium, inquiens, et mutabile semper
Foemina.
"A mutable and shifting thing
is woman ever."
Aen. IIII. 569. β) speciei per suum quoddam genus. / Aeneid IV.569. β) Of a species through some genus of its own.
Species oeconomiae rusticae, agricultura: / The species of rural economy, agriculture,
curis acuens mortalia corda,
"And first was he by human skill to rouse
The slumbering glebe, whetting the minds of men
With care on care,"
Georg. I. 123. illustratur a suis generibus: / Georgics I.123, is illustrated from its genera:
labor omnia vincit
Improbus et duris urgens in rebus egestas.
"Then divers arts arose; toil conquered all,
Remorseless toil, and poverty's shrewd push
In times of hardship."
γ) genus per genus suum superius. / γ) Of a genus through its superior genus.
Genus seminum degenerantium post aliquot annos ibidem illustratur a genere suo tantum non supremo: / The genus of seeds degenerating after some years is illustrated there by its almost highest genus:
Sic omnia fatis
In peius ruere ac retro sublapsa referri.
"So, by fate impelled,
Speed all things to the worse, and backward borne
Glide from us;"
§ 745
Hanc comparationem adscendentem in speciem vel genus aliquando dicunt illustrationem a loco communi, nunc a sententia, § 526. nunc per praedicamentorum 10 loculos quaerere suadent, et spondent inventum iri. § 133, 134. Nobis naturali ratione si quid argumentorum eiusmodi se pulcre cogitaturis offerat, eo faciemus idem maioris, quia sic illustrat, ut 1) semper simul probet, § 547–549. quod elegans est, § 731. 2) medium heuristicum elegantioris comparationis esse possit, quoties cogitato A individuo, specie, vel genere quodam primo venerit in mentem B, sub quo A contineatur, velut ipsi A superior species, vel genus subalternans. Hoc ipsum autem B deinde secundum associationem idearum notionumve naturalem reproducat perceptiones alias, praeter A, sub se contentas, C, D, E. e. c. vel individuorum sub eadem specie, vel conspecierum cum A sub eodem genere, vel congenerum cum A sub eodem genere superiore contentorum, nunc unius, nunc plurium. Tunc enim illustratio ipsius A per B erit comparatio adscendens, unde nascatur illustratio ipsius A per C, vel D, vel E, unum vel plura, assimilatio. § 735.
This ascending comparison into species or genus is sometimes called illustration from a common place, now from a sententia, §526; now they advise seeking it through the ten little boxes of the predicaments and promise that it will be found, §§133–134. If any argument of this kind naturally offers itself to those who will think beautifully, we shall value it more because it illustrates in such a way that 1) it always also proves, §§547–549, which is elegant, §731; 2) it can be a heuristic means of more elegant comparison, whenever, after thinking A, some individual, species, or genus, B first comes to mind, under which A is contained as a superior species or subalternating genus. This B then, according to the natural association of ideas or notions, reproduces other perceptions contained under itself besides A, C, D, E, and so forth: now one or several individuals under the same species, now co-species with A under the same genus, now co-genera with A under the same superior genus. Then the illustration of A through B will be an ascending comparison, from which is born the illustration of A through C, D, E, one or several: assimilation, §735.
Hanc comparationem adscendentem in speciem vel genus aliquando dicunt illustrationem a loco communi, nunc a sententia, § 526. nunc per praedicamentorum 10 loculos quaerere suadent, et spondent inventum iri. § 133, 134. Nobis naturali ratione si quid argumentorum eiusmodi se pulcre cogitaturis offerat, eo faciemus idem maioris, quia sic illustrat, ut 1) semper simul probet, § 547–549. quod elegans est, § 731. 2) medium heuristicum elegantioris comparationis esse possit, quoties cogitato A individuo, specie, vel genere quodam primo venerit in mentem B, sub quo A contineatur, velut ipsi A superior species, vel genus subalternans.
This ascending comparison into species or genus is sometimes called illustration from a common place, now from a sententia, §526; now they advise seeking it through the ten little boxes of the predicaments and promise that it will be found, §§133–134. If any argument of this kind naturally offers itself to those who will think beautifully, we shall value it more because it illustrates in such a way that 1) it always also proves, §§547–549, which is elegant, §731; 2) it can be a heuristic means of more elegant comparison, whenever, after thinking A, some individual, species, or genus, B first comes to mind, under which A is contained as a superior species or subalternating genus.
Hoc ipsum autem B deinde secundum associationem idearum notionumve naturalem reproducat perceptiones alias, praeter A, sub se contentas, C, D, E. e. c. vel individuorum sub eadem specie, vel conspecierum cum A sub eodem genere, vel congenerum cum A sub eodem genere superiore contentorum, nunc unius, nunc plurium.
This B then, according to the natural association of ideas or notions, reproduces other perceptions contained under itself besides A, C, D, E, and so forth: now one or several individuals under the same species, now co-species with A under the same genus, now co-genera with A under the same superior genus.
Tunc enim illustratio ipsius A per B erit comparatio adscendens, unde nascatur illustratio ipsius A per C, vel D, vel E, unum vel plura, assimilatio. § 735.
Then the illustration of A through B will be an ascending comparison, from which is born the illustration of A through C, D, E, one or several: assimilation, §735.
Hanc comparationem adscendentem in speciem vel genus
This ascending comparison into species or genus is
aliquando dicunt illustrationem a loco communi, nunc a sententia, § 526.
sometimes called illustration from a common place, now from a sententia, §526;
nunc per praedicamentorum 10 loculos quaerere suadent,
now they advise seeking it through the ten little boxes of
et spondent inventum iri. § 133, 134.
the predicaments and promise that it will
Nobis naturali ratione si quid argumentorum
be found, §§133–134. If any argument of this kind
eiusmodi se pulcre
naturally offers itself to those who will think beautifully,
cogitaturis offerat, eo faciemus idem maioris, quia sic illustrat,
we shall value it more because it illustrates
ut 1) semper simul probet, § 547–549.
in such a way that 1) it always also proves, §§547–549,
quod elegans est, § 731. 2) medium
which is elegant, §731; 2) it can be
heuristicum elegantioris comparationis esse possit,
a heuristic means of more elegant comparison, whenever,
quoties cogitato A individuo, specie,
after thinking A, some individual, species,
vel genere quodam primo venerit in mentem B,
or genus, B
sub quo A contineatur,
first comes to mind, under which A is contained
velut ipsi A superior species, vel genus subalternans.
as a superior species or subalternating genus.
Hoc ipsum autem B deinde secundum
This B then, according to the natural
associationem idearum notionumve naturalem reproducat perceptiones alias,
association of ideas or notions, reproduces other perceptions contained
praeter A, sub se contentas, C, D, E.
under itself besides A, C, D, E,
e. c. vel individuorum sub eadem specie,
and so forth: now one or several individuals under the same species,
vel conspecierum cum A sub eodem genere, vel
now co-species with A under the same genus,
congenerum cum A sub eodem genere superiore contentorum,
now co-genera with A under the same superior
nunc unius, nunc plurium.
genus.
Tunc enim illustratio ipsius A per B erit comparatio adscendens,
Then the illustration of A through B will be an ascending
unde nascatur illustratio ipsius A per C,
comparison, from which is born the illustration of A through C,
vel D, vel E, unum vel plura, assimilatio. § 735.
D, E, one or several: assimilation, §735.
Hanc comparationem adscendentem in speciem vel genus aliquando dicunt illustrationem a loco communi, nunc a sententia, § 526. nunc per praedicamentorum 10 loculos quaerere suadent, et spondent inventum iri. § 133, 134. Nobis naturali ratione si quid argumentorum eiusmodi se pulcre cogitaturis offerat, eo faciemus idem maioris, quia sic illustrat, ut 1) semper simul probet, § 547–549. quod elegans est, § 731. 2) medium heuristicum elegantioris comparationis esse possit, quoties cogitato A individuo, specie, vel genere quodam primo venerit in mentem B, sub quo A contineatur, velut ipsi A superior species, vel genus subalternans. / This ascending comparison into species or genus is sometimes called illustration from a common place, now from a sententia, §526; now they advise seeking it through the ten little boxes of the predicaments and promise that it will be found, §§133–134. If any argument of this kind naturally offers itself to those who will think beautifully, we shall value it more because it illustrates in such a way that 1) it always also proves, §§547–549, which is elegant, §731; 2) it can be a heuristic means of more elegant comparison, whenever, after thinking A, some individual, species, or genus, B first comes to mind, under which A is contained as a superior species or subalternating genus.
Hoc ipsum autem B deinde secundum associationem idearum notionumve naturalem reproducat perceptiones alias, praeter A, sub se contentas, C, D, E. e. c. vel individuorum sub eadem specie, vel conspecierum cum A sub eodem genere, vel congenerum cum A sub eodem genere superiore contentorum, nunc unius, nunc plurium. / This B then, according to the natural association of ideas or notions, reproduces other perceptions contained under itself besides A, C, D, E, and so forth: now one or several individuals under the same species, now co-species with A under the same genus, now co-genera with A under the same superior genus.
Tunc enim illustratio ipsius A per B erit comparatio adscendens, unde nascatur illustratio ipsius A per C, vel D, vel E, unum vel plura, assimilatio. § 735. / Then the illustration of A through B will be an ascending comparison, from which is born the illustration of A through C, D, E, one or several: assimilation, §735.
§ 746
Comparatio descendens § 742. erit a) si totum aliquod illustretur α) vel aliqua eiusdem ex parte, β) vel enumeratione plurium in eodem toto contentarum partium et notarum, quam PARTITIONEM logici vocant. Aeneas illustraturus:
Descending comparison, §742, will be a) if some whole is illustrated α) either by one of its parts, β) or by an enumeration of several parts and marks contained in the same whole, which logicians call PARTITION. When Aeneas is about to illustrate
Instar montis, equum,
"the kings of Greece, by Pallas' skill divine,
build a huge horse, a thing of mountain size,"
ut ex partis data magnitudine metiantur secum auditores partium reliquarum molem et totius amplitudinem, comparatione descendente in unam partem addit:
so that from the given size of a part the hearers may measure within themselves the mass of the remaining parts and the amplitude of the whole, he adds, by a descending comparison into one part,
sectaque intexunt abiete costas.
"with timbered ribs of fir."
Aen. II. 16.
Aeneid II.16.
Comparatio descendens § 742. erit a) si totum aliquod illustretur α) vel aliqua eiusdem ex parte, β) vel enumeratione plurium in eodem toto contentarum partium et notarum, quam PARTITIONEM logici vocant.
Descending comparison, §742, will be a) if some whole is illustrated α) either by one of its parts, β) or by an enumeration of several parts and marks contained in the same whole, which logicians call PARTITION.
Aeneas illustraturus:
When Aeneas is about to illustrate
Instar montis, equum,
"the kings of Greece, by Pallas' skill divine,
build a huge horse, a thing of mountain size,"
ut ex partis data magnitudine metiantur secum auditores partium reliquarum molem et totius amplitudinem, comparatione descendente in unam partem addit:
so that from the given size of a part the hearers may measure within themselves the mass of the remaining parts and the amplitude of the whole, he adds, by a descending comparison into one part,
sectaque intexunt abiete costas.
"with timbered ribs of fir."
Aen. II. 16.
Aeneid II.16.
Comparatio descendens § 742. erit a) si
Descending comparison, §742, will be a) if some
totum aliquod illustretur α) vel aliqua eiusdem ex parte,
whole is illustrated α) either by one of its parts,
β) vel enumeratione plurium in eodem toto
β) or by an enumeration of several
contentarum partium et notarum, quam
parts and marks contained in the same whole,
PARTITIONEM logici vocant.
which logicians call PARTITION.
Aeneas illustraturus:
When Aeneas is about to illustrate
Instar montis, equum,
"the kings of Greece, by Pallas' skill divine,
build a huge horse, a thing of mountain size,"
ut ex partis
so that from the given size of a part
data magnitudine metiantur secum auditores
the hearers may measure within themselves the mass of
partium reliquarum molem et totius amplitudinem,
the remaining parts and the amplitude
comparatione descendente in unam partem addit:
of the whole, he adds, by a descending comparison into one part,
sectaque intexunt abiete costas.
"with timbered ribs of fir."
Aen. II. 16.
Aeneid II.16.
Comparatio descendens § 742. erit a) si totum aliquod illustretur α) vel aliqua eiusdem ex parte, β) vel enumeratione plurium in eodem toto contentarum partium et notarum, quam PARTITIONEM logici vocant. / Descending comparison, §742, will be a) if some whole is illustrated α) either by one of its parts, β) or by an enumeration of several parts and marks contained in the same whole, which logicians call PARTITION.
Aeneas illustraturus: / When Aeneas is about to illustrate
Instar montis, equum,
"the kings of Greece, by Pallas' skill divine,
build a huge horse, a thing of mountain size,"
ut ex partis data magnitudine metiantur secum auditores partium reliquarum molem et totius amplitudinem, comparatione descendente in unam partem addit: / so that from the given size of a part the hearers may measure within themselves the mass of the remaining parts and the amplitude of the whole, he adds, by a descending comparison into one part,
sectaque intexunt abiete costas.
"with timbered ribs of fir."
Aen. II. 16. / Aeneid II.16.
§ 747
Partitio § 746. vel occultior latet in omni definitione, descriptione, et hypotyposi, cum suis speciebus, § 733. quoniam definiendum describendumve totum omne quarundam notarum et partium illustratur inter definiendum et describendum recensione, qua simul argumentum probans nanciscimur. § 550, 731. vel apertior et elegantius elaborata peculiaris figurae nomen strictius retinet, donec communi mox indicanda denominatione cum alia comparatione descendente, quae sequetur, comprehendatur. Poterit involvi praeteritionibus et synathroismi quadam congerie, copiae documentum. § 148. Poterit illi, quod partimur, quaesitam magnitudinem et dignitatem conciliare satis gravium partium ἐξαρίθμησις, § 298, 348. praeter illustrationem § 731. Quantum analogo rationis decedit intensivae lucis et distinctionis in singulis notis et partibus, tanto magis numero partium notarumve gaudet extensiva claritate, § 730. Unde primarium pulcrae meditationis obiectum totum aliquod, non temere, si belle cogitare volueris, sine quadam illius partium declaratione dimittatur. Hanc tamen completam explicite ponere ob oculos vix suaserim. Praestat inchoatam nonnihil continuare, neque tamen ante absolvere, quam quasdam eius partes ita in umbram conieceris, ut videatur spectator adhuc habere, quae sibi ipse tractet, quae latent, forte meliora putaturus et plura, quam si totum partiundo videaris exhausisse. § 654.
Partition, §746, either lies more hidden in every definition, description, and hypotyposis with their species, §733, because every whole to be defined or described is illustrated, while being defined and described, by a listing of certain marks and parts, by which we at the same time obtain a proving argument, §§550, 731; or, more open and more elegantly elaborated, it retains the stricter name of a particular figure until it is included under a common denomination soon to be indicated with the other descending comparison that follows. It can be wrapped in praeteritions and in some heap of synathroismus as proof of abundance, §148. The ἐξαρίθμησις of sufficiently weighty parts can conciliate to the thing we partition the magnitude and dignity sought, §§298, 348, besides illustration, §731. The more intensive light and distinction in individual marks and parts withdraws from the analogue of reason, the more it rejoices in extensive clarity by the number of parts or marks, §730. Hence, if you wish to think beautifully, let not the primary object of a beautiful meditation, some whole, be dismissed rashly without some declaration of its parts. Yet I would scarcely advise placing the complete declaration explicitly before the eyes. It is better to continue it somewhat begun, and yet not finish it before you have thrown some of its parts into shade, so that the spectator seems still to have things to handle for himself, things hidden, perhaps thinking them better and more numerous than if you seemed to have exhausted the whole by partitioning, §654.
Partitio § 746. vel occultior latet in omni definitione, descriptione, et hypotyposi, cum suis speciebus, § 733. quoniam definiendum describendumve totum omne quarundam notarum et partium illustratur inter definiendum et describendum recensione, qua simul argumentum probans nanciscimur. § 550, 731. vel apertior et elegantius elaborata peculiaris figurae nomen strictius retinet, donec communi mox indicanda denominatione cum alia comparatione descendente, quae sequetur, comprehendatur.
Partition, §746, either lies more hidden in every definition, description, and hypotyposis with their species, §733, because every whole to be defined or described is illustrated, while being defined and described, by a listing of certain marks and parts, by which we at the same time obtain a proving argument, §§550, 731; or, more open and more elegantly elaborated, it retains the stricter name of a particular figure until it is included under a common denomination soon to be indicated with the other descending comparison that follows.
Poterit involvi praeteritionibus et synathroismi quadam congerie, copiae documentum. § 148. Poterit illi, quod partimur, quaesitam magnitudinem et dignitatem conciliare satis gravium partium ἐξαρίθμησις, § 298, 348. praeter illustrationem § 731. Quantum analogo rationis decedit intensivae lucis et distinctionis in singulis notis et partibus, tanto magis numero partium notarumve gaudet extensiva claritate, § 730. Unde primarium pulcrae meditationis obiectum totum aliquod, non temere, si belle cogitare volueris, sine quadam illius partium declaratione dimittatur.
It can be wrapped in praeteritions and in some heap of synathroismus as proof of abundance, §148. The ἐξαρίθμησις of sufficiently weighty parts can conciliate to the thing we partition the magnitude and dignity sought, §§298, 348, besides illustration, §731. The more intensive light and distinction in individual marks and parts withdraws from the analogue of reason, the more it rejoices in extensive clarity by the number of parts or marks, §730. Hence, if you wish to think beautifully, let not the primary object of a beautiful meditation, some whole, be dismissed rashly without some declaration of its parts.
Hanc tamen completam explicite ponere ob oculos vix suaserim.
Yet I would scarcely advise placing the complete declaration explicitly before the eyes.
Praestat inchoatam nonnihil continuare, neque tamen ante absolvere, quam quasdam eius partes ita in umbram conieceris, ut videatur spectator adhuc habere, quae sibi ipse tractet, quae latent, forte meliora putaturus et plura, quam si totum partiundo videaris exhausisse. § 654.
It is better to continue it somewhat begun, and yet not finish it before you have thrown some of its parts into shade, so that the spectator seems still to have things to handle for himself, things hidden, perhaps thinking them better and more numerous than if you seemed to have exhausted the whole by partitioning, §654.
Partitio § 746. vel occultior latet in omni definitione,
Partition, §746, either lies more hidden in every definition,
descriptione, et hypotyposi, cum suis speciebus, § 733.
description, and hypotyposis with their species, §733,
quoniam definiendum describendumve totum
because every whole to be defined or described is illustrated,
omne quarundam notarum et partium illustratur
while being defined and described, by a listing of
inter definiendum et describendum recensione, qua
certain marks and parts, by which we at the
simul argumentum probans nanciscimur.
same time obtain a proving argument,
§ 550, 731. vel apertior et elegantius elaborata
§§550, 731; or, more open and more elegantly elaborated,
peculiaris figurae nomen strictius retinet,
it retains the stricter name of a particular figure until it is
donec communi mox indicanda
included under a common denomination soon to be indicated
denominatione cum alia comparatione descendente, quae sequetur, comprehendatur.
with the other descending comparison that follows.
Poterit involvi praeteritionibus et
It can be wrapped in praeteritions and in some
synathroismi quadam congerie, copiae documentum. § 148.
heap of synathroismus as proof of abundance, §148.
Poterit illi, quod partimur, quaesitam
The ἐξαρίθμησις of sufficiently weighty parts can conciliate to
magnitudinem et dignitatem conciliare
the thing we partition the magnitude and dignity
satis gravium partium ἐξαρίθμησις, § 298, 348. praeter illustrationem § 731.
sought, §§298, 348, besides illustration, §731.
Quantum analogo rationis decedit intensivae lucis et distinctionis in
The more intensive light and distinction in
singulis notis et partibus, tanto
individual marks and parts withdraws from the analogue of reason,
magis numero partium notarumve gaudet extensiva claritate,
the more it rejoices in extensive clarity
§ 730.
by the number of parts or marks, §730.
Unde primarium pulcrae meditationis obiectum totum aliquod,
Hence, if you wish to think beautifully, let
non temere, si belle
not the primary object of a beautiful meditation,
cogitare volueris, sine quadam illius partium
some whole, be dismissed rashly without some
declaratione dimittatur.
declaration of its parts.
Hanc tamen completam
Yet I would scarcely advise placing the complete declaration
explicite ponere ob oculos vix suaserim.
explicitly before the eyes.
Praestat inchoatam nonnihil continuare,
It is better to continue it somewhat begun,
neque tamen ante absolvere,
and yet not finish it before
quam quasdam eius partes ita in umbram
you have thrown some of its parts into shade,
conieceris, ut videatur spectator adhuc habere,
so that the spectator seems still to
quae sibi ipse tractet, quae latent,
have things to handle for himself, things hidden, perhaps
forte meliora putaturus et plura,
thinking them better and more numerous
quam si totum partiundo videaris exhausisse. § 654.
than if you seemed to have exhausted the whole by partitioning, §654.
Partitio § 746. vel occultior latet in omni definitione, descriptione, et hypotyposi, cum suis speciebus, § 733. quoniam definiendum describendumve totum omne quarundam notarum et partium illustratur inter definiendum et describendum recensione, qua simul argumentum probans nanciscimur. § 550, 731. vel apertior et elegantius elaborata peculiaris figurae nomen strictius retinet, donec communi mox indicanda denominatione cum alia comparatione descendente, quae sequetur, comprehendatur. / Partition, §746, either lies more hidden in every definition, description, and hypotyposis with their species, §733, because every whole to be defined or described is illustrated, while being defined and described, by a listing of certain marks and parts, by which we at the same time obtain a proving argument, §§550, 731; or, more open and more elegantly elaborated, it retains the stricter name of a particular figure until it is included under a common denomination soon to be indicated with the other descending comparison that follows.
Poterit involvi praeteritionibus et synathroismi quadam congerie, copiae documentum. § 148. Poterit illi, quod partimur, quaesitam magnitudinem et dignitatem conciliare satis gravium partium ἐξαρίθμησις, § 298, 348. praeter illustrationem § 731. Quantum analogo rationis decedit intensivae lucis et distinctionis in singulis notis et partibus, tanto magis numero partium notarumve gaudet extensiva claritate, § 730. Unde primarium pulcrae meditationis obiectum totum aliquod, non temere, si belle cogitare volueris, sine quadam illius partium declaratione dimittatur. / It can be wrapped in praeteritions and in some heap of synathroismus as proof of abundance, §148. The ἐξαρίθμησις of sufficiently weighty parts can conciliate to the thing we partition the magnitude and dignity sought, §§298, 348, besides illustration, §731. The more intensive light and distinction in individual marks and parts withdraws from the analogue of reason, the more it rejoices in extensive clarity by the number of parts or marks, §730. Hence, if you wish to think beautifully, let not the primary object of a beautiful meditation, some whole, be dismissed rashly without some declaration of its parts.
Hanc tamen completam explicite ponere ob oculos vix suaserim. / Yet I would scarcely advise placing the complete declaration explicitly before the eyes.
Praestat inchoatam nonnihil continuare, neque tamen ante absolvere, quam quasdam eius partes ita in umbram conieceris, ut videatur spectator adhuc habere, quae sibi ipse tractet, quae latent, forte meliora putaturus et plura, quam si totum partiundo videaris exhausisse. § 654. / It is better to continue it somewhat begun, and yet not finish it before you have thrown some of its parts into shade, so that the spectator seems still to have things to handle for himself, things hidden, perhaps thinking them better and more numerous than if you seemed to have exhausted the whole by partitioning, §654.
§ 748
Virgilium euntem per partes clipei, quem Aeneae mater donabat, iam vidimus. § 459. Catullum c. 63. ubi partitur:
We have already seen Virgil going through the parts of the shield which Aeneas' mother gave him, §459. Let whoever wishes follow Catullus, poem 63, where he partitions
Vestem, quae priscis hominum variata figuris
Heroum mira virtutes indicat arte,
"This be a figured cloth with forms of manhood primeval
Showing by marvel-art the gifts and graces of heroes."
sequatur, qui volet, a v. 52–265. ubi tamen Talibus pergens, non his, indicat se partitionem nondum absolvisse, § 747. Suppartitionem aliquam, ut cum schola barbare loquar, excerpamus:
from vv.52–265; yet Talibus pergens, "proceeding with such things," not "with these," indicates that he has not yet completed the partition, §747. Let us extract some subpartition, to speak barbarously with the school:
At parte ex alia florens volitabat Iacchus,
Cum thiaso Satyrorum et Nysigenis Silenis,
Te quaerens, Ariadna, tuoque incensus amore.
Qui tum alacres passim lymphata mente furebant,
Euoe bacchantes, euoe capita inflectentes.
Horum pars tecta quatiebant cuspide thyrsos,
Pars e divulso iactabant membra iuvenco,
Pars sese tortis serpentibus incingebant,
Pars obscura cavis celebrabant orgia cistis,
Orgia, quae frustra cupiunt audire profani.
Plangebant alii proceris tympana palmis,
Aut tereti tenues tinnitus aere ciebant,
Multi raucisonis efflabant cornua bombis,
"But from the further side came flitting bright-faced Iacchus
Girded by Satyr-crew and Nysa-reared Sileni
Burning with love unto thee (Ariadne!) and greeting thy presence.
...
Who flocking eager to fray did rave with infuriate spirit,
“Evoe” frenzying loud, with heads at “Evoe” rolling.
Brandisht some of the maids their thyrsi sheathed of spear-point,
Some snatcht limbs and joints of sturlings rended to pieces,
These girt necks and waists with writhing bodies of vipers,
Those with the gear enwombed in crates dark orgies ordained—
Orgies that ears profane must vainly lust for o'er hearing—
Others with palms on high smote hurried strokes on the cymbal,
Or from the polisht brass woke thin-toned tinkling music,
While from the many there boomed and blared hoarse blast of the horn-trump,"
e. c.
Confer Ovidii descriptionem regiae solis, Met. II. 5–18, et Corynnae cum suo:
and so on. Compare Ovid's description of the palace of the sun, Metamorphoses II.5–18, and Corinna's with its
Singula quid referam?
"But why enlarge on every point?"
inchoatam potius, quam omnibus partibus absolutam explicite.
begun rather than explicitly completed in all parts.
Virgilium euntem per partes clipei, quem Aeneae mater donabat, iam vidimus. § 459. Catullum c. 63. ubi partitur:
We have already seen Virgil going through the parts of the shield which Aeneas' mother gave him, §459. Let whoever wishes follow Catullus, poem 63, where he partitions
Vestem, quae priscis hominum variata figuris
Heroum mira virtutes indicat arte,
"This be a figured cloth with forms of manhood primeval
Showing by marvel-art the gifts and graces of heroes."
sequatur, qui volet, a v. 52–265. ubi tamen Talibus pergens, non his, indicat se partitionem nondum absolvisse, § 747. Suppartitionem aliquam, ut cum schola barbare loquar, excerpamus:
from vv.52–265; yet Talibus pergens, "proceeding with such things," not "with these," indicates that he has not yet completed the partition, §747. Let us extract some subpartition, to speak barbarously with the school:
At parte ex alia florens volitabat Iacchus,
Cum thiaso Satyrorum et Nysigenis Silenis,
Te quaerens, Ariadna, tuoque incensus amore.
Qui tum alacres passim lymphata mente furebant,
Euoe bacchantes, euoe capita inflectentes.
Horum pars tecta quatiebant cuspide thyrsos,
Pars e divulso iactabant membra iuvenco,
Pars sese tortis serpentibus incingebant,
Pars obscura cavis celebrabant orgia cistis,
Orgia, quae frustra cupiunt audire profani.
Plangebant alii proceris tympana palmis,
Aut tereti tenues tinnitus aere ciebant,
Multi raucisonis efflabant cornua bombis,
"But from the further side came flitting bright-faced Iacchus
Girded by Satyr-crew and Nysa-reared Sileni
Burning with love unto thee (Ariadne!) and greeting thy presence.
...
Who flocking eager to fray did rave with infuriate spirit,
“Evoe” frenzying loud, with heads at “Evoe” rolling.
Brandisht some of the maids their thyrsi sheathed of spear-point,
Some snatcht limbs and joints of sturlings rended to pieces,
These girt necks and waists with writhing bodies of vipers,
Those with the gear enwombed in crates dark orgies ordained—
Orgies that ears profane must vainly lust for o'er hearing—
Others with palms on high smote hurried strokes on the cymbal,
Or from the polisht brass woke thin-toned tinkling music,
While from the many there boomed and blared hoarse blast of the horn-trump,"
e. c.
Confer Ovidii descriptionem regiae solis, Met. II. 5–18, et Corynnae cum suo:
and so on. Compare Ovid's description of the palace of the sun, Metamorphoses II.5–18, and Corinna's with its
Singula quid referam?
"But why enlarge on every point?"
inchoatam potius, quam omnibus partibus absolutam explicite.
begun rather than explicitly completed in all parts.
Virgilium euntem per partes clipei,
We have already seen Virgil going through the parts of
quem Aeneae mater donabat, iam vidimus. § 459.
the shield which Aeneas' mother gave him, §459.
Catullum c. 63. ubi partitur:
Let whoever wishes follow Catullus, poem 63, where he partitions
Vestem, quae priscis hominum variata figuris
Heroum mira virtutes indicat arte,
"This be a figured cloth with forms of manhood primeval
Showing by marvel-art the gifts and graces of heroes."
sequatur, qui volet, a v. 52–265.
from vv.52–265;
ubi tamen Talibus pergens,
yet Talibus pergens, "proceeding with such things,"
non his, indicat se partitionem
not "with these," indicates that he has not yet completed the partition,
nondum absolvisse, § 747. Suppartitionem aliquam,
§747. Let us extract some subpartition,
ut cum schola barbare loquar, excerpamus:
to speak barbarously with the school:
At parte ex alia florens volitabat Iacchus,
Cum thiaso Satyrorum et Nysigenis Silenis,
Te quaerens, Ariadna, tuoque incensus amore.
Qui tum alacres passim lymphata mente furebant,
Euoe bacchantes, euoe capita inflectentes.
Horum pars tecta quatiebant cuspide thyrsos,
Pars e divulso iactabant membra iuvenco,
Pars sese tortis serpentibus incingebant,
Pars obscura cavis celebrabant orgia cistis,
Orgia, quae frustra cupiunt audire profani.
Plangebant alii proceris tympana palmis,
Aut tereti tenues tinnitus aere ciebant,
Multi raucisonis efflabant cornua bombis,
"But from the further side came flitting bright-faced Iacchus
Girded by Satyr-crew and Nysa-reared Sileni
Burning with love unto thee (Ariadne!) and greeting thy presence.
...
Who flocking eager to fray did rave with infuriate spirit,
“Evoe” frenzying loud, with heads at “Evoe” rolling.
Brandisht some of the maids their thyrsi sheathed of spear-point,
Some snatcht limbs and joints of sturlings rended to pieces,
These girt necks and waists with writhing bodies of vipers,
Those with the gear enwombed in crates dark orgies ordained—
Orgies that ears profane must vainly lust for o'er hearing—
Others with palms on high smote hurried strokes on the cymbal,
Or from the polisht brass woke thin-toned tinkling music,
While from the many there boomed and blared hoarse blast of the horn-trump,"
e. c. Confer Ovidii descriptionem regiae solis, Met.
and so on. Compare Ovid's description of the palace of
II. 5–18, et Corynnae cum suo:
the sun, Metamorphoses II.5–18, and Corinna's with its
Singula quid referam?
"But why enlarge on every point?"
inchoatam potius, quam omnibus partibus absolutam explicite.
begun rather than explicitly completed in all parts.
Virgilium euntem per partes clipei, quem Aeneae mater donabat, iam vidimus. § 459. Catullum c. 63. ubi partitur: / We have already seen Virgil going through the parts of the shield which Aeneas' mother gave him, §459. Let whoever wishes follow Catullus, poem 63, where he partitions
Vestem, quae priscis hominum variata figuris
Heroum mira virtutes indicat arte,
"This be a figured cloth with forms of manhood primeval
Showing by marvel-art the gifts and graces of heroes."
sequatur, qui volet, a v. 52–265. ubi tamen Talibus pergens, non his, indicat se partitionem nondum absolvisse, § 747. Suppartitionem aliquam, ut cum schola barbare loquar, excerpamus: / from vv.52–265; yet Talibus pergens, "proceeding with such things," not "with these," indicates that he has not yet completed the partition, §747. Let us extract some subpartition, to speak barbarously with the school:
At parte ex alia florens volitabat Iacchus,
Cum thiaso Satyrorum et Nysigenis Silenis,
Te quaerens, Ariadna, tuoque incensus amore.
Qui tum alacres passim lymphata mente furebant,
Euoe bacchantes, euoe capita inflectentes.
Horum pars tecta quatiebant cuspide thyrsos,
Pars e divulso iactabant membra iuvenco,
Pars sese tortis serpentibus incingebant,
Pars obscura cavis celebrabant orgia cistis,
Orgia, quae frustra cupiunt audire profani.
Plangebant alii proceris tympana palmis,
Aut tereti tenues tinnitus aere ciebant,
Multi raucisonis efflabant cornua bombis,
"But from the further side came flitting bright-faced Iacchus
Girded by Satyr-crew and Nysa-reared Sileni
Burning with love unto thee (Ariadne!) and greeting thy presence.
...
Who flocking eager to fray did rave with infuriate spirit,
“Evoe” frenzying loud, with heads at “Evoe” rolling.
Brandisht some of the maids their thyrsi sheathed of spear-point,
Some snatcht limbs and joints of sturlings rended to pieces,
These girt necks and waists with writhing bodies of vipers,
Those with the gear enwombed in crates dark orgies ordained—
Orgies that ears profane must vainly lust for o'er hearing—
Others with palms on high smote hurried strokes on the cymbal,
Or from the polisht brass woke thin-toned tinkling music,
While from the many there boomed and blared hoarse blast of the horn-trump,"
e. c. Confer Ovidii descriptionem regiae solis, Met. II. 5–18, et Corynnae cum suo: / and so on. Compare Ovid's description of the palace of the sun, Metamorphoses II.5–18, and Corinna's with its
Singula quid referam?
"But why enlarge on every point?"
inchoatam potius, quam omnibus partibus absolutam explicite. / begun rather than explicitly completed in all parts.
§ 749
Comparatio descendens § 742. erit b) si superius quoddam, vel genus, vel species, illustretur per inferiora, quae sub se continet, vel unum, vel plura. In priori casu erit exemplum, § 526. in posteriori divisio, quam ad completionem saltim ultra dimidium processisse si aesthetice verisimile est, INDUCTIO AESTHETICA. DIVISIO, enumeratio perceptionum sub aliqua data contentarum, aesthetica cum partitione, vel completae vel incompletae, si cogitentur elegantius, ut figurae, nomine DISTRIBUTIONIS insigniuntur. § 747. Huius igitur indolis comparatio descendens illustrabit α) genus quoddam superius per inferius, quod sub se contineat, genus, vel speciem, vel individuum, nunc unum, nunc plura; β) genus infimum per suam speciem et individuum, et perceptionem sub eo contentam vel unam, vel plures; γ) speciem per individuum, quod illa sub se continet, vel unum, vel plura.
Descending comparison, §742, will be b) if some superior, either genus or species, is illustrated through inferiors which it contains under itself, one or several. In the former case there will be an example, §526; in the latter a division which, if it is aesthetically probable that it has proceeded at least beyond the halfway point toward completion, is AESTHETIC INDUCTION. DIVISION, an enumeration of perceptions contained under some given perception, together with aesthetic partition, whether complete or incomplete, if they are thought more elegantly as figures, are marked with the name DISTRIBUTION, §747. A descending comparison of this character will therefore illustrate α) some superior genus through an inferior contained under it, genus, species, or individual, now one, now several; β) the lowest genus through its species and individual, and through one or several perceptions contained under it; γ) a species through one or several individuals which it contains under itself.
Comparatio descendens § 742. erit b) si superius quoddam, vel genus, vel species, illustretur per inferiora, quae sub se continet, vel unum, vel plura.
Descending comparison, §742, will be b) if some superior, either genus or species, is illustrated through inferiors which it contains under itself, one or several.
In priori casu erit exemplum, § 526. in posteriori divisio, quam ad completionem saltim ultra dimidium processisse si aesthetice verisimile est, INDUCTIO AESTHETICA.
In the former case there will be an example, §526; in the latter a division which, if it is aesthetically probable that it has proceeded at least beyond the halfway point toward completion, is AESTHETIC INDUCTION.
DIVISIO, enumeratio perceptionum sub aliqua data contentarum, aesthetica cum partitione, vel completae vel incompletae, si cogitentur elegantius, ut figurae, nomine DISTRIBUTIONIS insigniuntur. § 747. Huius igitur indolis comparatio descendens illustrabit α) genus quoddam superius per inferius, quod sub se contineat, genus, vel speciem, vel individuum, nunc unum, nunc plura; β) genus infimum per suam speciem et individuum, et perceptionem sub eo contentam vel unam, vel plures; γ) speciem per individuum, quod illa sub se continet, vel unum, vel plura.
DIVISION, an enumeration of perceptions contained under some given perception, together with aesthetic partition, whether complete or incomplete, if they are thought more elegantly as figures, are marked with the name DISTRIBUTION, §747. A descending comparison of this character will therefore illustrate α) some superior genus through an inferior contained under it, genus, species, or individual, now one, now several; β) the lowest genus through its species and individual, and through one or several perceptions contained under it; γ) a species through one or several individuals which it contains under itself.
Comparatio descendens § 742. erit b) si superius
Descending comparison, §742, will be b) if some superior,
quoddam, vel genus, vel species, illustretur per inferiora,
either genus or species, is illustrated through inferiors
quae sub se continet, vel unum, vel plura.
which it contains under itself, one or several.
In priori casu erit exemplum, § 526.
In the former case there will be an example, §526;
in posteriori divisio, quam
in the latter a division which,
ad completionem saltim ultra dimidium
if it is aesthetically probable that it has proceeded
processisse si aesthetice verisimile est, INDUCTIO AESTHETICA.
at least beyond the halfway point toward completion, is AESTHETIC INDUCTION.
DIVISIO, enumeratio perceptionum sub aliqua data contentarum,
DIVISION, an enumeration of perceptions contained under some given
aesthetica cum partitione, vel completae vel incompletae,
perception, together with aesthetic partition, whether complete or incomplete,
si cogitentur elegantius, ut figurae,
if they are thought more elegantly as figures,
nomine DISTRIBUTIONIS insigniuntur. § 747.
are marked with the name DISTRIBUTION, §747.
Huius igitur indolis comparatio descendens
A descending comparison of this character will therefore
illustrabit α) genus quoddam superius per inferius,
illustrate α) some superior genus through an inferior
quod sub se contineat, genus, vel speciem,
contained under it, genus, species,
vel individuum, nunc unum, nunc plura;
or individual, now one, now several;
β) genus infimum per suam speciem et individuum,
β) the lowest genus through its species and individual,
et perceptionem sub eo contentam vel unam, vel plures;
and through one or several perceptions contained under it;
γ) speciem per individuum,
γ) a species through one or several individuals
quod illa sub se continet, vel unum, vel plura.
which it contains under itself.
Comparatio descendens § 742. erit b) si superius quoddam, vel genus, vel species, illustretur per inferiora, quae sub se continet, vel unum, vel plura. / Descending comparison, §742, will be b) if some superior, either genus or species, is illustrated through inferiors which it contains under itself, one or several.
In priori casu erit exemplum, § 526. in posteriori divisio, quam ad completionem saltim ultra dimidium processisse si aesthetice verisimile est, INDUCTIO AESTHETICA. / In the former case there will be an example, §526; in the latter a division which, if it is aesthetically probable that it has proceeded at least beyond the halfway point toward completion, is AESTHETIC INDUCTION.
DIVISIO, enumeratio perceptionum sub aliqua data contentarum, aesthetica cum partitione, vel completae vel incompletae, si cogitentur elegantius, ut figurae, nomine DISTRIBUTIONIS insigniuntur. § 747. Huius igitur indolis comparatio descendens illustrabit α) genus quoddam superius per inferius, quod sub se contineat, genus, vel speciem, vel individuum, nunc unum, nunc plura; β) genus infimum per suam speciem et individuum, et perceptionem sub eo contentam vel unam, vel plures; γ) speciem per individuum, quod illa sub se continet, vel unum, vel plura. / DIVISION, an enumeration of perceptions contained under some given perception, together with aesthetic partition, whether complete or incomplete, if they are thought more elegantly as figures, are marked with the name DISTRIBUTION, §747. A descending comparison of this character will therefore illustrate α) some superior genus through an inferior contained under it, genus, species, or individual, now one, now several; β) the lowest genus through its species and individual, and through one or several perceptions contained under it; γ) a species through one or several individuals which it contains under itself.
§ 750
Exemplorum exempla maiora sint omnes primo fabulae, § 526. Aeneis splendide declarat:
Let the greater examples of examples first be all fables, §526. The Aeneid splendidly declares
tot volvere casus
Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores.
"to thrust on dangers dark and endless toil
a man whose largest honor in men's eyes
was serving Heaven?"
Pluribus Ilias exemplis illustrat illud:
The Iliad illustrates by many examples the saying:
Si quid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi.
"The Greeks suffer for what their princes act foolishly."
Lucretius Veneris imperium declarat exemplis primo satis generalibus:
Lucretius declares the dominion of Venus first by sufficiently general examples:
Per te quoniam genus omne animantum
Concipitur, visitque exortum lumina solis.
Aeriae primum volucres te, diva, tuumque
Significant initum perculsae corda tua vi.
Inde ferae pecudes persultant pabula laeta,
Et rapidos tranant amnes. Ita capta lepore
Illecebrisque tuis omnis natura animantum
Te sequitur cupide, quo quamque inducere pergis.
"for all of living things
Through thee alone are evermore conceived,
Through thee are risen to visit the great sun–
...
First fowls of air, smit to the heart by thee,
Foretoken thy approach, O thou Divine,
And leap the wild herds round the happy fields
Or swim the bounding torrents. Thus amain,
Seized with the spell, all creatures follow thee
Whithersoever thou walkest forth to lead,"
Neque tamen acquiescere prius potuisse videatur, quam donec exemplis imperium Veneris illustrando descendit usque ad singularem personam, et suppositum Mavortis:
Yet he does not seem able to rest before, in illustrating Venus' power by examples, he descends to a singular person and the suppositum of Mars:
in gremium qui saepe tuum se
Reiicit aeterno devinctus vulnere amoris,
Atque ita suspiciens tereti cervice reposta
Pascit amore avidos inhians in te, dea, visus,
"The savage works of battle, puissant Mars,
How often to thy bosom flings his strength
O'ermastered by the eternal wound of love–
And there, with eyes and full throat backward thrown,
Gazing, my Goddess, open-mouthed at thee,
Pastures on love his greedy sight, his breath
Hanging upon thy lips."
e. c.
v. 38.
and so on, v.38.
Exemplorum exempla maiora sint omnes primo fabulae, § 526. Aeneis splendide declarat:
Let the greater examples of examples first be all fables, §526. The Aeneid splendidly declares
tot volvere casus
Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores.
"to thrust on dangers dark and endless toil
a man whose largest honor in men's eyes
was serving Heaven?"
Pluribus Ilias exemplis illustrat illud:
The Iliad illustrates by many examples the saying:
Si quid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi.
"The Greeks suffer for what their princes act foolishly."
Lucretius Veneris imperium declarat exemplis primo satis generalibus:
Lucretius declares the dominion of Venus first by sufficiently general examples:
Per te quoniam genus omne animantum
Concipitur, visitque exortum lumina solis.
Aeriae primum volucres te, diva, tuumque
Significant initum perculsae corda tua vi.
Inde ferae pecudes persultant pabula laeta,
Et rapidos tranant amnes. Ita capta lepore
Illecebrisque tuis omnis natura animantum
Te sequitur cupide, quo quamque inducere pergis.
"for all of living things
Through thee alone are evermore conceived,
Through thee are risen to visit the great sun–
...
First fowls of air, smit to the heart by thee,
Foretoken thy approach, O thou Divine,
And leap the wild herds round the happy fields
Or swim the bounding torrents. Thus amain,
Seized with the spell, all creatures follow thee
Whithersoever thou walkest forth to lead,"
Neque tamen acquiescere prius potuisse videatur, quam donec exemplis imperium Veneris illustrando descendit usque ad singularem personam, et suppositum Mavortis:
Yet he does not seem able to rest before, in illustrating Venus' power by examples, he descends to a singular person and the suppositum of Mars:
in gremium qui saepe tuum se
Reiicit aeterno devinctus vulnere amoris,
Atque ita suspiciens tereti cervice reposta
Pascit amore avidos inhians in te, dea, visus,
"The savage works of battle, puissant Mars,
How often to thy bosom flings his strength
O'ermastered by the eternal wound of love–
And there, with eyes and full throat backward thrown,
Gazing, my Goddess, open-mouthed at thee,
Pastures on love his greedy sight, his breath
Hanging upon thy lips."
e. c.
v. 38.
and so on, v.38.
Exemplorum exempla maiora sint omnes primo fabulae, § 526.
Let the greater examples of examples first be all fables, §526.
Aeneis splendide declarat:
The Aeneid splendidly declares
tot volvere casus
Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores.
"to thrust on dangers dark and endless toil
a man whose largest honor in men's eyes
was serving Heaven?"
Pluribus Ilias exemplis illustrat illud:
The Iliad illustrates by many examples the saying:
Si quid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi.
"The Greeks suffer for what their princes act foolishly."
Lucretius Veneris imperium declarat exemplis primo satis generalibus:
Lucretius declares the dominion of Venus first by sufficiently general examples:
Per te quoniam genus omne animantum
Concipitur, visitque exortum lumina solis.
Aeriae primum volucres te, diva, tuumque
Significant initum perculsae corda tua vi.
Inde ferae pecudes persultant pabula laeta,
Et rapidos tranant amnes. Ita capta lepore
Illecebrisque tuis omnis natura animantum
Te sequitur cupide, quo quamque inducere pergis.
"for all of living things
Through thee alone are evermore conceived,
Through thee are risen to visit the great sun–
...
First fowls of air, smit to the heart by thee,
Foretoken thy approach, O thou Divine,
And leap the wild herds round the happy fields
Or swim the bounding torrents. Thus amain,
Seized with the spell, all creatures follow thee
Whithersoever thou walkest forth to lead,"
Neque tamen acquiescere prius potuisse videatur,
Yet he does not seem able to rest
quam donec exemplis imperium Veneris illustrando
before, in illustrating Venus' power by examples,
descendit usque ad singularem personam, et suppositum Mavortis:
he descends to a singular person and the suppositum of Mars:
in gremium qui saepe tuum se
Reiicit aeterno devinctus vulnere amoris,
Atque ita suspiciens tereti cervice reposta
Pascit amore avidos inhians in te, dea, visus,
"The savage works of battle, puissant Mars,
How often to thy bosom flings his strength
O'ermastered by the eternal wound of love–
And there, with eyes and full throat backward thrown,
Gazing, my Goddess, open-mouthed at thee,
Pastures on love his greedy sight, his breath
Hanging upon thy lips."
e. c. v. 38.
and so on, v.38.
Exemplorum exempla maiora sint omnes primo fabulae, § 526. Aeneis splendide declarat: / Let the greater examples of examples first be all fables, §526. The Aeneid splendidly declares
tot volvere casus
Insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores.
"to thrust on dangers dark and endless toil
a man whose largest honor in men's eyes
was serving Heaven?"
Pluribus Ilias exemplis illustrat illud: / The Iliad illustrates by many examples the saying:
Si quid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi.
"The Greeks suffer for what their princes act foolishly."
Lucretius Veneris imperium declarat exemplis primo satis generalibus: / Lucretius declares the dominion of Venus first by sufficiently general examples:
Per te quoniam genus omne animantum
Concipitur, visitque exortum lumina solis.
Aeriae primum volucres te, diva, tuumque
Significant initum perculsae corda tua vi.
Inde ferae pecudes persultant pabula laeta,
Et rapidos tranant amnes. Ita capta lepore
Illecebrisque tuis omnis natura animantum
Te sequitur cupide, quo quamque inducere pergis.
"for all of living things
Through thee alone are evermore conceived,
Through thee are risen to visit the great sun–
...
First fowls of air, smit to the heart by thee,
Foretoken thy approach, O thou Divine,
And leap the wild herds round the happy fields
Or swim the bounding torrents. Thus amain,
Seized with the spell, all creatures follow thee
Whithersoever thou walkest forth to lead,"
Neque tamen acquiescere prius potuisse videatur, quam donec exemplis imperium Veneris illustrando descendit usque ad singularem personam, et suppositum Mavortis: / Yet he does not seem able to rest before, in illustrating Venus' power by examples, he descends to a singular person and the suppositum of Mars:
in gremium qui saepe tuum se
Reiicit aeterno devinctus vulnere amoris,
Atque ita suspiciens tereti cervice reposta
Pascit amore avidos inhians in te, dea, visus,
"The savage works of battle, puissant Mars,
How often to thy bosom flings his strength
O'ermastered by the eternal wound of love–
And there, with eyes and full throat backward thrown,
Gazing, my Goddess, open-mouthed at thee,
Pastures on love his greedy sight, his breath
Hanging upon thy lips."
e. c. v. 38. / and so on, v.38.